{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T10:46:23Z","timestamp":1774608383603,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer is one of the major maladies affecting humankind and remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The investigation of the biological activities of stingless bee products, especially propolis and geopropolis, has revealed promising therapeutic properties, especially in the research on new antineoplastic agents. This literature review of preclinical trials, involving biological assays of antitumor activity and identification of the chemical composition of propolis and geopropolis of stingless bee species, describes the cytotoxicity in tumor lineages (breast, lung, ovarian, liver, mouth, pharynx, larynx, colon, stomach, colorectal, cervix, kidney, prostate, melanoma, human glioblastoma, canine osteosarcoma, erythroleukemia, human chronic myelocytic leukemia, and human promyelocytic leukemia) of propolis and geopropolis of 33 species of stingless bees. The chemical composition of propolis and geopropolis was identified, indicating that these belong to the chemical classes of phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, benzophenones, anthraquinones, alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, saponins, fatty acids, and carbohydrates and are possibly responsible for the cytotoxicity in tumor cells. Apoptosis was one of the main mechanisms of cytotoxicity of extracts and substances isolated from stingless bee products. Although the results found are encouraging, other preclinical studies and clinical trials are essential for the discovery of new anticancer agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14111161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T20:51:53Z","timestamp":1636923113000},"page":"1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Use of Stingless Bee Propolis and Geopropolis against Cancer\u2014A Literature Review of Preclinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Assis Nascimento","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Campus Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4199-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josianne Rocha","family":"Barboza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Campus Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cleydlenne Costa","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Campus Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5267-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Jorge Oliveira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Campus Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3134-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Nilce de Sousa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Campus Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mel de abelhas sem ferr\u00e3o: Proposta de regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"20","author":"Berto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brazilian J. 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