{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:11:12Z","timestamp":1790647872923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington\u2019s disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meric","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit","family":"Nilsen-Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Ames Laboratory, US DOE (United States Department of Energy), Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muslum","family":"Ilgu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey"},{"name":"Ames Laboratory, US DOE (United States Department of Energy), Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8057","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky667","article-title":"In vitro selection of an XNA aptamer capable of small-molecule recognition","volume":"46","author":"Rangel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN01824B","article-title":"Aptamers in Analytics","volume":"141","author":"Ilgu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/346818a0","article-title":"In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands","volume":"346","author":"Ellington","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/344467a0","article-title":"Selection in vitro of an RNA enzyme that specifically cleaves single-stranded DNA","volume":"344","author":"Robertson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2200121","article-title":"Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase","volume":"249","author":"Tuerk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e223","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2014.74","article-title":"Aptamer Selection Technology and Recent Advances","volume":"4","author":"Blind","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. 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