{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T09:18:45Z","timestamp":1774084725237,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Incomptines A (IA) and B (IB) are two sesquiterpene lactones with antiprotozoal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antitumor, spermicidal, and phytotoxic properties. The antibacterial activity of IA and IB against bacteria causing diarrhoea have been reported; however, no information is available regarding their antibacterial activity on Vibrio cholerae. In this work, both compounds were evaluated for their anti-diarrhoeal potential using the bacterium V. cholerae, sodium dodecyl sulphate\u2013polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis on cholera toxin, and a cholera toxin-induced diarrhoea model in male Balb\/c mice. In addition, a molecular docking study was carried out to understand the interaction of IA and IB with cholera toxin. In terms of antibacterial activity, IB was three times more active than IA on V. cholerae. In the case of SDS-PAGE analysis and the in silico study, IA was most effective, revealing its potential binding mode at a molecular level. In terms of anti-diarrhoeal activity, IA was 10 times more active than IB and racecadotril, an antisecretory drug used as positive control; the anti-diarrheal activity of IB was also closer than racecadotril. The results obtained from in vitro, in vivo, and computational studies on V. cholerae and cholera toxin support the potential of IA and IB as new anti-diarrhoeal compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15020196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:38:40Z","timestamp":1644179920000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Understanding the Anti-Diarrhoeal Properties of Incomptines A and B: Antibacterial Activity against Vibrio cholerae and Its Enterotoxin Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1851-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Calzada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Farmacolog\u00eda, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, 2\u00b0 Piso CORSE, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Col. Doctores, Cd Mexico 06725, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7050-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elihu","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONACYT-Divisi\u00f3n de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica A.C., San Luis Potos\u00ed 78216, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Hidalgo-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONACYT-Divisi\u00f3n de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica A.C., San Luis Potos\u00ed 78216, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6021-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Normand","family":"Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Gen\u00e9tica Humana, UMAE Hospital Pediatr\u00eda 2\u00ba Piso, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Col. Doctores, Cd Mexico 06725, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Acad\u00e9mica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Km 4.5, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Unidad Universitaria, Pachuca 42076, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7111-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Salvador D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n Esq. Plan de San Luis S\/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Cd Mexico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7401-303X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Valdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Farmacolog\u00eda, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, 2\u00b0 Piso CORSE, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauht\u00e9moc 330, Col. Doctores, Cd Mexico 06725, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2138-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Iv\u00e1n","family":"Solares-Pascasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Farmacolog\u00eda, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, 2\u00b0 Piso CORSE, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. 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