{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T02:16:24Z","timestamp":1775873784356,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of scientific research, Najran University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","award":["NU\/MRC\/10\/331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/MRC\/10\/331"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of plant extracts or plant-derived compounds in the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) was researched. Determining the exact metabolite implicated in the formation of NPs would necessitate comprehensive investigations. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are gaining a lot of attention because of their unique properties and effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, as well as their potential for usage in catalytic, optical, electrical, and microelectronics applications. In the course of this study, we aimed to formulate CuNPs utilizing pure tamarixinin A (TA) ellagitannin isolated from Tamarix aphylla galls. The main particle size of the formed CuNPs was 44 \u00b1 1.7 nm with zeta potential equal to \u221223.7 mV, which emphasize the stability of the CuNPs. The X-ray diffraction spectroscopy showed a typical centered cubic crystalline structure phase of copper. Scanning electron microscopy images were found to be relatively spherical and homogeneous in shape. The antimicrobial properties of TA, as well as its mediated CuNPs, have been evaluated through well diffusion assays against four bacterial, Bacillus subtilis NCTC 10400, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and two fungal, Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus, strains. The distinctive antimicrobial activities were noted against the fungal strains and the Gram-negative bacterial strains P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and E. coli ATCC 25922. In conclusion, CuNPs mediated by TA can be applied for combating a wide range of bacterial and fungal species especially C. albicans, Asp. flavus, and P. aeruginosa in a variety of fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15020216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T20:34:45Z","timestamp":1644784485000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Design, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Copper Nanoparticles Utilizing Tamarixinin a Ellagitannin from Galls of Tamarix aphylla"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A. A.","family":"Orabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8263-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mounir M.","family":"Salem-Bekhit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2030-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab I.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El-Shaymaa","family":"Abdel-Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2237-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omaish Salman","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-9788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fakhria A.","family":"Al-Joufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basel A.","family":"Abdel-Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Mohamed","family":"Alshabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamad S.","family":"Alyami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7025-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5593-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Hatano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122026","article-title":"Preparation, environmental application and prospect of biochar-supported metal nanoparticles: A review","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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