{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:04:33Z","timestamp":1790845473358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Imperial Brands plc","award":["N.A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005423","name":"Uppsala University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N.A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Smoking is a cause of serious disease in smokers. Electronic cigarettes, delivering aerosolized nicotine, offer adult smokers a potentially less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes. This explorative PET\/CT study investigated the distribution and deposition of inhaled [11C]nicotine using the mybluTM e-cigarette with two nicotine formulations, freebase and lactate salt. Fifteen healthy adult smokers participated in the two-part study to assess the distribution and accumulation of [11C]nicotine in the respiratory pathways and brain. Time-activity data for the respiratory pathways, lungs, oesophagus and brain were derived. 31\u201336% of both inhaled tracer formulations accumulated in the lung within 15\u201335 s. [11C]Nicotinefreebase exhibited higher uptake and deposition in the upper respiratory pathways. For [11C]nicotinelactate, brain deposition peaked at 4\u20135%, with an earlier peak and a steeper decline. A different kinetic profile was obtained for [11C]nicotinelactate with lower tracer uptake and accumulation in the upper respiratory pathways and an earlier peak and a steeper decline in lung and brain. Using nicotine lactate formulations in e-cigarettes may thus contribute to greater adult smoker acceptance and satisfaction compared to freebase formulations, potentially aiding a transition from combustible cigarettes and an acceleration of tobacco harm reduction initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15030367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:34:27Z","timestamp":1647812067000},"page":"367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["E-Cigarette Aerosol Deposition and Disposition of [11C]Nicotine Using Positron Emission Tomography: A Comparison of Nicotine Uptake in Lungs and Brain Using Two Different Nicotine Formulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Wall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 70, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Roslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvir","family":"Walele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Nahde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH (Part of Imperial Brands PLC), Max-Born-Stra\u00dfe 4, 22761 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Brands PLC, 121 Winterstoke Road, Bristol BS3 2LL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lubberink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 70, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Antoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"McNeill, A., Brose, L.S., Calder, R., Bauld, L., and Robson, D. 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