{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:10:55Z","timestamp":1790824255281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vachellia xanthophloea is used in Zulu traditional medicine as an antimalarial remedy. A moderate antiplasmodial activity was previously reported for extracts of the plant against D10 Plasmodium falciparum. This study aimed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the leaf extract. The compounds were isolated by chromatography and their structures were determined using spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated using a parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay and cytotoxicity was determined using a resazurin assay. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited P. falciparum with IC50 = 10.6 \u00b5g\/mL and showed minimal cytotoxicity (98% cell viability at 33 \u00b5g\/mL). The chromatographic purification of this fraction afforded sixteen compounds, including two new flavonoids. A 1:1 mixture of phytol and lupeol was also isolated from the hexane fraction. All the compounds were reported from V. xanthophloea for the first time. Among the isolated metabolites, methyl gallate displayed the best activity against P. falciparum (IC50 = 1.2 \u00b5g\/mL), with a 68% viability of HeLa cells at 10 \u00b5g\/mL. Therefore, methyl gallate was responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the V. xanthophloea leaf extract and its presence in the leaf extract might account for the folkloric use of the plant as an antimalarial remedy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1649891236000},"page":"470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antiplasmodial Activity of Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter (African Fever Tree) and Its Constituents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nasir","family":"Tajuddeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarryn","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinrich C.","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanie R.","family":"van Heerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Name changes in African Acacia species: Plant name changes","volume":"100","author":"Boatwright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veld Flora"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12047","article-title":"Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia sl (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia","volume":"172","author":"Kyalangalilwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bot. 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