{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:55:56Z","timestamp":1780318556957,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52172033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51772001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51772001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Anhui Province Key Research and Development Plan Project International Science and Technology Cooperation Special Project","award":["202004b11020015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202004b11020015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The misuse of many types of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to increased antimicrobial resistance. As a result, the development of a novel antibacterial agent is essential. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is becoming more popular due to its advantages in eliminating drug-resistant strains and providing broad-spectrum antibacterial resistance. Carbon dots (CDs), zero-dimensional nanomaterials with diameters smaller than 10 nm, offer a green and cost-effective alternative to PACT photosensitizers. This article reviewed the synthesis methods of antibacterial CDs as well as the recent progress of CDs and their nanocomposites in photodynamic sterilization, focusing on maximizing the bactericidal impact of CDs photosensitizers. This review establishes the base for future CDs development in the PACT field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T01:03:01Z","timestamp":1650330181000},"page":"487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Photodynamic Anti-Bacteria by Carbon Dots and Their Nano-Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khurram","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4198-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Claudio","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3929-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18877","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18877","article-title":"Potent antibacterial nanoparticles against biofilm and intracellular bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Mu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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