{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:55Z","timestamp":1787029255775,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia","award":["B\/67\/D.D3\/KD.02.00\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B\/67\/D.D3\/KD.02.00\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Essential oils are gaining popularity for their use in treating depression, including that extracted from patchouli leaves and stems (Pogostemon cablin). Herein, we used patchouli oil (PO) containing a high amount of patchouli alcohol derived from P. cablin var. Tapak Tuan. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant potential of PO, with a variety of patchouli alcohol concentrations obtained from a separation process using vacuum distillation with different temperature ranges. The initial patchouli oil (iPO) was traditionally distilled by a local farmer and further distilled using a rotary evaporator at temperature ranges of 115\u2013160 \u00b0C (POF-1); 120\u2013160 \u00b0C (POF-2), and 125\u2013160 \u00b0C (POF-3), resulting in products with different patchouli alcohol concentrations. POF-3, with the highest patchouli alcohol content of 60.66% (based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), was used for cooling crystallization, resulting in 100% patchouli alcohol crystal (pPA). A tail suspension test (TST) was performed on a rat model to screen the antidepressant potential of iPO and its derivatives. The TST results revealed that POF-3 had the best antidepressant-like effect and was second only to the fluoxetine-based antidepressant, Kalxetin\u00ae, where both groups had significant reductions of immobility time post-treatment (p &lt; 0.0001). Other than patchouli alcohol, POF-3 also contained ledol and trans-geraniol, which have been reported for their antidepressant-related activities. Brain dopamine levels increased significantly in the group treated with POF-3 (p &lt; 0.05 as compared with the control group), suggesting its primary anti-depressant mechanism. These findings suggest the potential of vacuum-distilled patchouli oil in reducing depression via dopamine elevation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15050608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1652608102000},"page":"608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Antidepressant-like Activity of Patchouli Oil var. Tapak Tuan (Pogostemon cablin Benth) via Elevated Dopamine Level: A Study Using Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-8393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puji","family":"Astuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"},{"name":"LLDikti Wilayah XIII, Aceh Besar 23352, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Akademi Keperawatan Tgk. Fakinah, Banda Aceh 23232, Indonesia"},{"name":"Atsiri Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairan","family":"Khairan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atsiri Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"},{"name":"PT-PUI Nilam Aceh, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"},{"name":"Pusat Riset Obat Herbal, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7322-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marthoenis","family":"Marthoenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartini","family":"Hasballah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3418","article-title":"The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review","volume":"33","author":"Joulain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. 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