{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:02:10Z","timestamp":1788494530929,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Sassari","award":["Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca, Elisabetta Gavini 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca, Elisabetta Gavini 2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Paediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency encourages research into medicinal products for children, in particular, the development of an age-appropriate formulation of captopril is required in the cardiovascular therapeutic area. The aim of this study was the development of a liquid formulation using nanoparticles based only on chitosan and cellulose acetate phthalate containing captopril for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy in paediatric patients. Nanoparticles were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method\/dropping technique without using surfactants, whose use can be associated with toxicity. A range of different cellulose to chitosan weight ratios were tested. A good encapsulation efficiency (61.0 \u00b1 6.5%) was obtained when a high chitosan concentration was used (1:3 ratio); these nanoparticles (named NP-C) were spherical with a mean diameter of 427.1 \u00b1 32.7 nm, 0.17 \u00b1 0.09 PDI and +53.30 \u00b1 0.95 mV zeta potential. NP-C dispersion remained stable for 28 days in terms of size and drug content and no captopril degradation was observed. NP-C dispersion released 70% of captopril after 2 h in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and NP-C dispersion did not have a cytotoxicity effect on neonatal human fibroblasts except at the highest dose tested after 48 h. As a result, chitosan\/cellulose nanoparticles could be considered a suitable platform for captopril delivery in paediatrics for preparing solid\/liquid dosage forms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15060662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T23:43:03Z","timestamp":1653867783000},"page":"662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Surfactant-Free Chitosan\/Cellulose Acetate Phthalate Nanoparticles: An Attempt to Solve the Needs of Captopril Administration in Paediatrics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Noelia","family":"Nieto Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Chemical Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6685-3351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Cerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning-GeoMaterials Laboratory, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4201-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Molpeceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6268-8179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Rassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2471-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Giunchedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Gavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, April 21). 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