{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:20:28Z","timestamp":1790000428994,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sanofi","award":["E1492.0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E1492.0002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetanus toxoid (TTd) plays an important role in the pharmaceutical world, especially in vaccines. The toxoid is obtained after formaldehyde treatment of the tetanus toxin. In parallel, current emphasis in the drug discovery field is put on producing well-defined and safer drugs, explaining the interest in finding new alternative proteins. The tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) has been extensively studied both as a neuroprotective agent for central nervous system disorders owing to its neuronal properties and as a carrier protein in vaccines. Indeed, it is derived from a part of the tetanus toxin and, as such, retains its immunogenic properties without being toxic. Moreover, this fragment has been well characterized, and its entire structure is known. Here, we propose a systematic review of TTFC by providing information about its structural features, its properties and its methods of production. We also describe the large uses of TTFC in the field of drug discovery. TTFC can therefore be considered as an attractive alternative to TTd and remarkably offers a wide range of uses, including as a carrier, delivery vector, conjugate, booster, inducer, and neuroprotector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15060756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T11:45:44Z","timestamp":1655466344000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Tetanus Toxin Fragment C: Structure, Drug Discovery Research and Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Bayart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, 31\/33 Quai Armand Barb\u00e8s, 69250 Neuville-sur-Sa\u00f4ne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Mularoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Hemmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumeya","family":"Kerachni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0666-2676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universtit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9485-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Gouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Paladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, 31\/33 Quai Armand Barb\u00e8s, 69250 Neuville-sur-Sa\u00f4ne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1398-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Le Borgne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Centre L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, May 08). 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