{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:41:01Z","timestamp":1760229661183,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Inflammation is a complex process as a response to several stimuli, such as infection, a chemical irritant, and the attack of a foreign body. Piquerol was isolated from Piqueria trinervia, and its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro models. Methods: Piquerol is a monoterpene that was identified using NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested in vivo in ear edema induced with TPA in mice. Piquerol was also tested on J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the levels of NO, NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined using ELISA. Results: The results show that piquerol diminished ear edema (66.19%). At 150.51 \u00b5M, it also inhibited the levels of NO (31.7%), TNF-\u03b1 (49.8%), IL-1\u03b2 (69.9%), IL-6 (47.5%), and NF-\u03baB (26.7%), and increased the production of IL-10 (62.3%). Piquerol has a membrane stabilization property in erythrocyte, and at 100 \u00b5g\/mL, the membrane protection was of 86.17%. Conclusions: Piquerol has anti-inflammatory activity, and its possible mechanism of action is through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. This compound could be a candidate in the development of new drugs to treat inflammatory problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15070771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T04:12:01Z","timestamp":1655871121000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Piquerol Isolated from Piqueria trinervia Cav."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nimsi","family":"Campos-Xolalpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Laura","family":"Esquivel-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-8721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubria Marlen","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Casares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salud","family":"P\u00e9rez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04960, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2007.000-2457","article-title":"Inflammation: The foundation of diseases and disorders. 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