{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:40:42Z","timestamp":1788885642447,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union","award":["R01AI050875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI050875"]}]},{"name":"the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union","award":["R21AI121700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI121700"]}]},{"name":"the Interdisciplinarit\u00e9 TROIAN Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine project","award":["R01AI050875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI050875"]}]},{"name":"the Interdisciplinarit\u00e9 TROIAN Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine project","award":["R21AI121700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI121700"]}]},{"name":"FEDER \u201cFire Light\u201d funding","award":["R01AI050875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI050875"]}]},{"name":"FEDER \u201cFire Light\u201d funding","award":["R21AI121700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI121700"]}]},{"name":"the University of Lorraine, CNRS and the European Regional Development Funds (Programme op\u00e9rationnel FEDER-FSE Lorraine et Massif des Vosges 2014\u20132020\/ \u201cFire Light\u201d project: \u201cPhoto-bio-active molecules and nanoparticles\u201d)","award":["R01AI050875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI050875"]}]},{"name":"the University of Lorraine, CNRS and the European Regional Development Funds (Programme op\u00e9rationnel FEDER-FSE Lorraine et Massif des Vosges 2014\u20132020\/ \u201cFire Light\u201d project: \u201cPhoto-bio-active molecules and nanoparticles\u201d)","award":["R21AI121700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI121700"]}]},{"name":"US NIH","award":["R01AI050875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI050875"]}]},{"name":"US NIH","award":["R21AI121700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI121700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which caused the COVID-19 pandemic spreading around the world from late 2019, served as a ruthless reminder of the threat viruses pose to global public health. The synthesis of new antiviral drugs, as well as repurposing existing products, is a long-term ongoing process which has challenged the scientific community. One solution could be an effective, accessible, and rapidly available antiviral treatment based on phototherapy (PT). PT has been used to treat several diseases, and relies on the absorption of light by endogenous molecules or exogenous photosensitizers (PS). PT has often been used in cancer treatment and prophylaxis, and as a complement to established chemotherapy and immunotherapy in combined therapeutic strategy. Besides significant applications in anticancer treatment, studies have demonstrated the beneficial impact of PT on respiratory, systemic, emerging, and oncogenic viral infections. The aim of this review was to highlight the potential of PT to combat viral infections by summarizing current progress in photodynamic, photothermal, and photoacoustic approaches. Attention is drawn to the virucidal effect of PT on systemic viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus and human herpes viruses, including the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma, human herpes virus (HHV8). PT has good potential for disinfection in anti-norovirus research and against pandemic viruses like SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15070858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:12:40Z","timestamp":1657757560000},"page":"858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Aspects of Antiviral Strategies Based on Different Phototherapy Approaches: Hit by the Light"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kunstek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"L2CM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Vreken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2CM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminata","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2CM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37000 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7034-2482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Dumar\u00e7ay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2CM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihayl","family":"Varbanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2CM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, Centres Hospitaliers R\u00e9gionaux Universitaires (CHRU) de Nancy Brabois, 54500 Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-11061-5","article-title":"Detection technologies and recent developments in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection","volume":"105","author":"Rai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. 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