{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:53:43Z","timestamp":1782219223285,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007708","name":"FONACIT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S1-98000945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S1-98000945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007708","name":"FONACIT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDH-2-NRBC-4-B1-402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDH-2-NRBC-4-B1-402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005902","name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation G\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour l\u2019Armement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S1-98000945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S1-98000945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005902","name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation G\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour l\u2019Armement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDH-2-NRBC-4-B1-402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDH-2-NRBC-4-B1-402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new Cu(I)-chloroquine (CQ) complex [Cu(CQ)(PPh3)2]NO3 (1) was synthesized and characterized, and its mechanism of action studied concomitant with the previously reported complex [Cu(CQ)2]Cl (2). These copper (I) coordination compounds can be considered as potential antimalarial agents because they show better inhibition of the CQ-resistant strain in in vitro studies than CQ alone. In comparison with other metal-CQ complexes, only the gold complex was similar to (1), i.e., more active than CQ against both CQ-susceptible (3D7) and CQ-resistant strains (W2). These two copper (I)-compounds also demonstrated higher antiplasmodial activity against W2 than other copper complexes reported to date. This suggests that the incorporation of the copper metal center enhanced the biological activity of CQ. To better understand their significant growth inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, the interaction with two essential molecular targets for the survival and proliferation of the malarial parasite were studied. These were the ferriprotoporphyrin group and the DNA, both important targets for current antimalarial drugs at the asexual erythrocytic stages. Both compounds (1,2) exhibited significant interactions with these targets. In particular, interactions with the DNA were dominated by the intercalator properties of the CQ ligand but may have also been affected by the presence of copper. Overall, these compounds were better parasitic inhibitors than chloroquine diphosphate (CQDP) alone or other previously reported metal-CQ complexes such as platinum, ruthenium and gold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15080921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:17:27Z","timestamp":1658794647000},"page":"921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Copper (I)-Chloroquine Complexes: Interactions with DNA and Ferriprotoporphyrin, Inhibition of \u03b2-Hematin Formation and Relation to Antimalarial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7781-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilmer","family":"Villarreal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica Inorg\u00e2nica Medicinal e Rea\u00e7\u00f5es Aplicadas, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IVIC), Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7271-0042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IVIC), Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorenlis","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IVIC), Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marylin","family":"Madamet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9my","family":"Amalvict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2360-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pradines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8772-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maribel","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IVIC), Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Bioinorg\u00e2nica e Cat\u00e1lise, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021). World Malaria Report, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240040496."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175667","article-title":"Chloroquine Transport via the Malaria Parasite\u2019s Chloroquine Resistance Transporter","volume":"325","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinappi, M., Via, A., Marcatili, P., and Tramontano, A. (2010). On the Mechanism of Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014064"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.05.010","article-title":"Artemisinin Action and Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"32","author":"Tilley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2011183207","article-title":"The antimalarial ferroquine: From bench to clinic","volume":"18","author":"Biot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00685","article-title":"Introduction: Metals in Medicine","volume":"119","author":"Franz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00338","article-title":"Metal Compounds against Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"119","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6335","DOI":"10.1039\/c2dt12247b","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of metal-based antimalarial agents: Implications for the mechanism of action","volume":"41","author":"Biot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1021\/jm950729w","article-title":"Toward a Novel Metal-Based Chemotherapy against Tropical Diseases. 2. Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity In Vitro and In Vivo of New Ruthenium\u2212 and Rhodium\u2212Chloroquine Complexes","volume":"39","author":"Navarro","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1021\/ic802220w","article-title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and in vitro Antimalarial and Antitumor Activity of New Ruthenium(II) Complexes of Chloroquine","volume":"48","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2010.11.005","article-title":"The mechanism of antimalarial action of [Au(CQ)(PPh3)]PF6: Structural effects and increased drug lipophilicity enhance heme aggregation inhibition at lipid\/water interfaces","volume":"105","author":"Navarro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.01.011","article-title":"Metal transport capabilities of anticancer copper chelators","volume":"47","author":"Mihucz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.09.003","article-title":"Hinokitiol copper complex inhibits proteasomal deubiquitination and induces paraptosis-like cell death in human cancer cells","volume":"815","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.10.058","article-title":"Synthesis, crystal structure and biological evaluation of a new dasatinib copper(II) complex as telomerase inhibitor","volume":"143","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2174\/157015912804499483","article-title":"NADPH Oxidase and Neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Hernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1039\/a903915e","article-title":"Mechanism of the Fenton reaction. Evidence for a new intermediate","volume":"1","author":"Kremer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.131","article-title":"Non-covalent DNA binding, protein interaction, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity of [Cu(quamol)Cl]\u00b7H2O","volume":"107","author":"Sangeetha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.12.010","article-title":"Casiope\u00edna IIgly-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human lung cancer A549 and H157 cells","volume":"268","author":"Kachadourian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(03)00047-1","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) complexes of pyridine-2-carboxamidrazones as potent antimalarial agents","volume":"349","author":"Gokhale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2016.10.004","article-title":"Novel metalloantimalarials: Transmission blocking effects of water soluble Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) phosphane complexes on the murine malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei","volume":"166","author":"Tapanelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"962","article-title":"[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]acetophenones and their copper(II) derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, computational studies and antimalarial activity","volume":"18","author":"Parra","year":"2019","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(90)90215-P","article-title":"Chloroquine as intercalator: A hypothesis revived","volume":"6","author":"Meshnick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2174\/1567269043480744","article-title":"Haemozoin Formation as a Target for the Rational Design of New Antimalarials","volume":"1","author":"Egan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Des. Rev.-Online"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.54.2.521","article-title":"Inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerase reactions by chloroquine","volume":"54","author":"Cohen","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.01.003","article-title":"Is the AT-rich DNA of malaria parasites a drug target?","volume":"43","author":"Bulloch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10973","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202101436","article-title":"Stable and Storable N(CF3)2 Transfer Reagents","volume":"27","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2005.05.002","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of new copper\u2013 and zinc\u2013chloroquine complexes and their activities on respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"99","author":"Navarro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(00)83277-6","article-title":"Synthesis of metal complexes of antimalarial drugs and in vitro evaluation of their activity against Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"135","author":"Wasi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5715","DOI":"10.1021\/om300296n","article-title":"Bioorganometallic Compounds with Antimalarial Targets: Inhibiting Hemozoin Formation","volume":"31","author":"Navarro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organometallics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(99)00224-2","article-title":"Synthesis and antimalarial activity in vitro of potential metabolites of ferrochloroquine and related compounds","volume":"7","author":"Biot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(98)00012-6","article-title":"Quinoline Antimalarials Mechanisms of Action and Resistance and Prospects for New Agents","volume":"79","author":"Foley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867013373840","article-title":"Heme Aggregation Inhibitors: Antimalarial Drugs Targeting an Essential Biomineralization Process","volume":"8","author":"Ziegler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.04.002","article-title":"Exploring the folate pathway in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"94","author":"Hyde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03663-14","article-title":"Antimalarial Action of Artesunate Involves DNA Damage Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"59","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00177a001","article-title":"On demonstrating DNA intercalation","volume":"23","author":"Long","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00510a026","article-title":"Ethidium bromide and its photoreactive analogs: Spectroscopic anlysis of deoxyribonucleic acid binding properties","volume":"20","author":"Graves","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2010.05.002","article-title":"Arene\u2013Ru(II)\u2013chloroquine complexes interact with DNA, induce apoptosis on human lymphoid cell lines and display low toxicity to normal mammalian cells","volume":"104","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4788","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00122a008","article-title":"Interaction of.DELTA.- and.LAMBDA.-[Ru(phen)2DPPZ]2+ with DNA: A Calorimetric and Equilibrium Binding Study","volume":"117","author":"Haq","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(00)90764-3","article-title":"Premelting phenomenon in DNA caused by the antitumor drug cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum","volume":"55","author":"Ganguli","year":"1981","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Rosenthal, P.J. (2001). Antimalarial Chemotherapy: Mechanisms of Action, Resistance, and New Directions in Drug Discovery, Humana Press."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(97)00086-X","article-title":"Thermodynamic factors controlling the interaction of quinoline antimalarial drugs with ferriprotoporphyrin IX","volume":"68","author":"Egan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)00921-X","article-title":"Quinoline anti-malarial drugs inhibit spontaneous formation of \u03b2-haematin (malaria pigment)","volume":"352","author":"Egan","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.farmac.2005.01.005","article-title":"Synthesis and antimalarial activity of sulfonamide chalcone derivatives","volume":"60","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2005","journal-title":"Il Farm."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MT00196G","article-title":"Platinum(ii)\u2013chloroquine complexes are antimalarial agents against blood and liver stages by impairing mitochondrial function","volume":"9","author":"Macedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001153","article-title":"Chloroquine-containing organoruthenium complexes are fast-acting multistage antimalarial agents","volume":"143","author":"Macedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-471","article-title":"Metal-chloroquine derivatives as possible anti-malarial drugs: Evaluation of anti-malarial activity and mode of action","volume":"13","author":"Navarro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27297.x","article-title":"The Attractions of Proteins for Small Molecules and Ions","volume":"51","author":"Scatchard","year":"1949","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.1021\/bi052356z","article-title":"A Spectroscopic Study on the Interactions of Porphyrin with G-Quadruplex DNAs","volume":"45","author":"Wei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2015.09.065","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of platinum(II) complexes with a tetrapyrazole ligand","volume":"102","author":"Capote","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2307\/3280287","article-title":"Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocytic Stages in Culture","volume":"65","author":"Lambros","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.953","article-title":"Genetic Diversity and Structure of African Plasmodium falciparum Populations in Urban and Rural areas","volume":"74","author":"Bogreau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.146","article-title":"Urban Malaria in Dakar, Senegal: Chemosusceptibility and Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates","volume":"75","author":"Henry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/15\/8\/921\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:56:02Z","timestamp":1760140562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/15\/8\/921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ph15080921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph15080921","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]}}}