{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:24:38Z","timestamp":1791919478432,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Moroccan Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation"},{"name":"Conseil D\u00e9partemental d\u2019Eure et Loir"},{"name":"Conseil R\u00e9gional Centre-Val de Loire"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atriplex halimus L., also known as Mediterranean saltbush, and locally as \u201cLgtef\u201d, an halophytic shrub, is used extensively to treat a wide variety of ailments in Morocco. The present study was undertaken to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract of A. halimus leaves (AHEE). We first determined the phytochemical composition of AHEE using a liquid chromatography (LC)\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (MS\/MS) technique. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods including DPPH scavenging capacity, \u03b2-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, iron chelation, and the total antioxidant capacity assays. Cytotoxicity was investigated against human cancer breast cells lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The results showed that the components of the extract are composed of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The DPPH test showed strong scavenging capacity for the leaf extract (IC50 of 0.36 \u00b1 0.05 mg\/mL) in comparison to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.19 \u00b1 0.02 mg\/mL). The \u03b2-carotene test determined an IC50 of 2.91 \u00b1 0.14 mg\/mL. The IC50 values of ABTS, iron chelation, and TAC tests were 44.10 \u00b1 2.92 TE \u00b5mol\/mL, 27.40 \u00b1 1.46 mg\/mL, and 124 \u00b1 1.27 \u00b5g AAE\/mg, respectively. In vitro, the AHE extract showed significant inhibitory activity in all tested tumor cell lines, and the inhibition activity was found in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, computational techniques such as molecular docking and ADMET analysis were used in this work. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters related to the compounds\u2019 pharmacokinetic indicators were evaluated, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity prediction (Pro-Tox II).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T04:49:22Z","timestamp":1663562962000},"page":"1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["LC\u2013MS\/MS Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of the Ethanolic Extract of Atriplex halimus L. against Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Computational Studies and Experimental Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0314-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Elbouzidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat","family":"Ouassou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marouane","family":"Aherkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team of Experimental Oncology and Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5207-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loubna","family":"Kharchoufa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9377-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Meskali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7483-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdellah","family":"Baraich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Mechchate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), B.P. 1796, Fez 30003, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9944-811X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bouhrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrazak","family":"Idir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team of Experimental Oncology and Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9938-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Hano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Zrouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3973-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Addi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-018-0409-1","article-title":"Emerging Ways to Treat Breast Cancer: Will Promises Be Met?","volume":"41","author":"Samadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. 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