{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:42:37Z","timestamp":1785775357210,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to metabolic syndrome via insulin resistance, where preventing disease progression is crucial in the management process. The study included 240 NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly allocated into empagliflozin 25 mg (EMPA group), ursodeoxycholic acid 250 mg (UDCA group), or the control group (placebo). The study outcomes included: changes in liver fat content (LFC; %) (utilizing the Dixon-based MRI-PDFF approach), liver enzymes, lipid and glycemic profiles, FIB-4 index, and non-alcoholic fatty liver score (NFS). All endpoints were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. EMPA outperformed UDCA and placebo in decreasing LFC (\u22128.73% vs. \u22125.71% vs. \u22121.99%; p &lt; 0.0001). In post-treatment ultrasound images and MRI-PDFF calculations, more patients had normal fatty liver grade (no steatosis or LFC &lt; 6.5%) with EMPA compared to UDCA. EMPA and UDCA showed significant regression in the FIB-4 index (\u22120.34 vs. \u22120.55; p = 0.011) and NFS scores (\u22121.00 vs. \u22121.11; p = 0.392), respectively. UDCA achieved higher reductions in insulin resistance than EMPA (p = 0.03); however, only EMPA significantly increased beta-cell function (54.20; p = 0.03). When exploring the differences between the two drugs, EMPA was better in decreasing LFC (%), while UDCA achieved higher reductions in liver fibrosis scores. Both showed a similar safety profile in managing liver steatosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15121516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T01:43:48Z","timestamp":1670291028000},"page":"1516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The Impact of an SGLT2 Inhibitor versus Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Liver Steatosis in Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sahar H.","family":"Elhini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engy A.","family":"Wahsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12525, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Elberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62551, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia F.","family":"El Ameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelfadil Saedii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen Mahmoud","family":"Refaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa A.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0432-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda M.","family":"Rabea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62551, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"267","article-title":"The diagnostic and initial approach of the patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of the primary care provider","volume":"12","author":"Uribe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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