{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:22:25Z","timestamp":1787692945781,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Directorate of Research and Community Services, Universitas Padjadjaran"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Androgenic alopecia (AA) is a condition that most commonly affects adult men and is caused by an increase in the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the hair follicles. Anti-alopecia drugs should be discovered for hair follicles to enter the anagen growth phase. Therefore, this study evaluated the hair growth-promoting activity of Noni fruit\u2019s water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane fractions, and sub-fractions from the active fraction in the alopecia male white rabbit model. The Matias method was modified by inducing rabbits using DHT for 17 days, followed by topical application of Noni fruit solution for 21 days. Meanwhile, hair growth was evaluated by histological observation of the follicular density and the anagen\/telogen (A\/T) ratio in skin tissue. In the first stage, five groups of male white rabbits were studied to obtain the active fraction; DHT+Minoxidil as standard, DHT+vehicle (NaCMC 1%), DHT+FW, DHT+FEA, and DHT+FH. The FEA as the active fraction was followed by open-column chromatography separation (DCM:Methanol) with a gradient of 10% to produce sub-fractions. In the second stage, the six main sub-fraction groups of male rabbits studied were DHT+FEA-1 to DHT+FEA-6. The follicular density of groups FEA-3 was 78.00 \u00b1 1.52 compared with 31.55 \u00b1 1.64 and 80.12 \u00b1 1.02 in the Vehicle and Minoxidil groups. Additionally, group FEA-3 showed large numbers of anagen follicles with an A\/T ratio of 1.64\/1 compared to the vehicle group of 1\/1.50 and 1.39\/1 for Minoxidil control. Group FEA-3 was identified by LC-MS\/MS-QTOF, followed by molecular docking to the androgen receptor (PDB: 4K7A), causing alopecia. The results showed that three alkaloid compounds with skeleton piperazine and piperidine, namely (compounds 2 (\u22124.99 Kcal\/mol),\u00a03 (\u22124.60 Kcal\/mol), and 4 (\u22124.57 Kcal\/mol)) had a binding affinity similar to Minoxidil, with also has alkaloid skeleton piperidine\u2013pyrimidine (\u22124.83 Kcal\/mol). The dynamic behavior showed the stability of all androgen receptor compounds with good RMSD, SMSF, and SASA values after being studied with 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This study produced a common thread in discovering a class of alkaloid compounds as inhibitors of androgen receptors that cause alopecia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15121557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T05:59:40Z","timestamp":1670997580000},"page":"1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anti-Alopecia Activity of Alkaloids Group from Noni Fruit against Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Male Rabbits and Its Molecular Mechanism: In Vivo and In Silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laila","family":"Susanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Tulang Bawang, Bandar Lampung 35128, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6453-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Resmi","family":"Mustarichie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Halimah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dikdik","family":"Kurnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0731-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35141, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yustinus","family":"Maladan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor 16915, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2017.1353598","article-title":"Experimental and early investigational drugs for androgenetic alopecia","volume":"26","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. 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