{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:48:54Z","timestamp":1791895734416,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial microbiota dysbiosis is an important factor in causing acne vulgaris. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of 2% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid (SSA) on acne-associated facial bacteria. In the current study, 30 acne vulgaris patients (treated with 2% SSA for eight weeks) and ten volunteers with no facial acne were selected. Samples from acne patients (before and after treatment) and volunteers (not treated) were analyzed via high throughput sequencing, Deblur algorithm, and R microbiome package. After treatment with 2% SSA, the total lesion count and global acne grading system (GAGS) score reduced significantly (p &lt; 0.001). Metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that the pre-treated acne group had low \u03b1 and deviated \u03b2 diversity compared to the control and post-treated acne groups. Due to the treatment with 2% SSA, \u03b1 diversity index was increased and \u03b2 diversity was stabilized significantly (p &lt; 0.001). The relative abundance of bacterial genera in the pre-treated acne group was uneven and had a high proportion of Staphylococcus, Ralstonia, and Streptococcus. The proportion of these three genera was significantly decreased in the post-treated group, and overall bacteria genera distribution tends toward the healthy individual. It is concluded that 2% SSA normalizes the microbial communities associated with the skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16010087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:28:10Z","timestamp":1673249290000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Stabilization of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Microbial Dysbiosis with 2% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9679-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazrat","family":"Bilal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, People\u2019s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nadeem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People\u2019s Hospital, Chengdu 610017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari\u2014Neurology Unit, Azienza Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuebin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14788","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14788","article-title":"Epidemiological factors in patients with dermatologic conditions referring to the clinic of traditional Persian Medicine: A cross-sectional study","volume":"75","author":"Parvizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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