{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:08:11Z","timestamp":1787944091165,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008085QH409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QH409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ya2017013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ya2017013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018zrzd14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018zrzd14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial First-rate Subject (Chinese Traditional Medicine)","award":["2008085QH409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QH409"]}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial First-rate Subject (Chinese Traditional Medicine)","award":["Ya2017013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ya2017013"]}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial First-rate Subject (Chinese Traditional Medicine)","award":["2018zrzd14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018zrzd14"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2008085QH409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QH409"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","award":["Ya2017013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ya2017013"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2018zrzd14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018zrzd14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Stephania tetrandra\u2013Astragalus membranaceus herbal pair (FH) is a classic herbal pair widely used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The effects of Stephania tetrandra (FJ) and Astragalus membranaceus (HQ) on NS have been reported, but the mechanism of their combination on the improvement of NS are still unclear. The NS model was established by injecting adriamycin into the tail vein. FH intervention reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary protein, and the gene expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in NS rats. In addition, FH improved kidney injury in NS rats by inhibiting the expression of interleukin 13 (IL-13), phospho-signal transducers, and activators of transcription 6 (p-STAT6), Bax, cleaved-caspase3, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2. By comprehensive comparison of multiple indexes, the effects of FH on lipid metabolism, glomerular filtration rate, and inflammation were superior to that of FJ and HQ. Metabonomic studies showed that, compared with FJ and HQ, FH intervention significantly regulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis showed that succinic acid and L-aspartic acid were negatively correlated with urinary protein, cystatin C (Cys C) and BUN (p &lt; 0.05). In summary, FH could reduce renal injury and improve NS through inhibiting the IL-13\/STAT6 signal pathway, regulating endogenous metabolic pathways, such as TCA cycle, and inhibiting the expression of AQP2 and AVP genes. This study provides a comprehensive strategy to reveal the mechanism of FH on the treatment of NS, and also provides a reasonable way to clarify the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16010088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:28:10Z","timestamp":1673249290000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Metabolomic Analysis of Stephania tetrandra\u2013Astragalus membranaceus Herbal Pair-Improving Nephrotic Syndrome Identifies Activation of IL-13\/STAT6 Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Baiyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxue","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanquan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou 236800, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou 236800, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.08.006","article-title":"Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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