{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:34:46Z","timestamp":1787787286669,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Essential oils (EOs) are widely used topically in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs); however, their clinical efficacy is controversial. Our aim was to find evidence that topical EOs are beneficial as an add-on treatment in MSDs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence on the available data of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The protocol of this work was registered on PROSPERO. We used Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Central Cochrane Library and Scopus electronic databases for systematic search. Eight RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. In conclusion, EO therapy had a favorable effect on pain intensity (primary outcome) compared to placebo. The greatest pain-relieving effect of EO therapy was calculated immediately after the intervention (MD of pain intensity = \u22120.87; p = 0.014). EO therapy had a slightly better analgesic effect than placebo one week after the intervention (MD of pain intensity = \u22120.58; p = 0.077) and at the four-week follow-up as well (MD of pain intensity = \u22120.52; p = 0.049). EO therapy had a beneficial effect on stiffness (a secondary outcome) compared to the no intervention group (MD = \u22120.77; p = 0.061). This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that topical EOs are beneficial as an add-on treatment in reducing pain and stiffness in the investigated MSDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T01:33:51Z","timestamp":1674092031000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficacy of Topical Essential Oils in Musculoskeletal Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7929-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eszter","family":"Bak\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Feh\u00e9rv\u00e1ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 2 Istv\u00e1n Str., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Garami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 12 Szigeti Str., H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6953-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanni","family":"Dembrovszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 12 Szigeti Str., H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6297-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emese Eszter","family":"Gunther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petz Alad\u00e1r County Teaching Hospital, Vasv\u00e1ri Str. 2-4, H-9024 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 12 Szigeti Str., H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 23-26 Baross Str., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4088-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dezs\u0151","family":"Csupor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 12 Szigeti Str., H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 8 Szikra Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 26 \u00dcll\u0151i Str., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, October 21). 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