{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:30:50Z","timestamp":1783488650993,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009250","name":"Health and Care Research Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HF-14-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HF-14-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009250","name":"Health and Care Research Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15-MED4186-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-MED4186-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004919","name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HF-14-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HF-14-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004919","name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15-MED4186-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-MED4186-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mammalian oocyte activation is initiated by intracellular calcium (Ca2+) oscillations, driven by the testis-specific phospholipase C zeta (PLC\u03b6). Sperm PLC\u03b6 analysis represents a diagnostic measure of sperm fertilisation capacity. The application of antigen unmasking\/retrieval (AUM) generally enhanced the visualisation efficacy of PLC\u03b6 in mammalian sperm, but differentially affected the PLC\u03b6 profiles in sperm from different human males. It is unclear whether AUM affects the diagnosis of PLC\u03b6 in human sperm. Herein, we examined whether the application of AUM affected the correlation of PLC\u03b6 profiles with sperm parameters and fertilisation capacity. PLC\u03b6 fluorescence levels and localisation patterns were examined within the sperm of males undergoing fertility treatment (55 patients aged 29\u201353) using immunofluorescence in the absence\/presence of AUM. The changes in PLC\u03b6 profiles following AUM were examined in relation to sperm health and fertilisation outcome. AUM enhanced the observable levels and specific localisation patterns of PLC\u03b6 in relation to both optimal sperm parameters and fertilisation outcome, without which significant differences were not observed. The extent of the change in levels and localisation ratios of PLC\u03b6 was also affected to a larger degree in terms of the optimal parameters of sperm fertility and fertilisation capacity by AUM. Collectively, AUM was essential to accurately assesses PLC\u03b6 in human sperm in both scientific and clinical contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T02:54:37Z","timestamp":1675047277000},"page":"198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antigen Unmasking Is Required to Clinically Assess Levels and Localisation Patterns of Phospholipase C Zeta in Human Sperm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-8222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junaid","family":"Kashir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavesh V.","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujain","family":"BuSaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Nomikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Almuqayyil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raed","family":"Abu-Dawud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadya","family":"AlYacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdan","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"AlHassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Anthony","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2753-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Assiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Coskun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq018","article-title":"Oocyte activation, phospholipase C zeta and human infertility","volume":"16","author":"Kashir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.66","article-title":"Chromosomal disorders and male infertility","volume":"14","author":"Harton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2013.08.009","article-title":"Genetics of Male Infertility","volume":"41","author":"Hotaling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.04.048","article-title":"European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Infertility: The 2012 Update","volume":"62","author":"Jungwirth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2017.10.012","article-title":"Phospholipase C zeta and calcium oscillations at fertilisation: The evidence, applications, and further questions","volume":"67","author":"Kashir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1240611","article-title":"Sperm phospholipase Czeta from humans and cynomolgus monkeys triggers Ca2+ oscillations, activation and development of mouse oocytes","volume":"124","author":"Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.07.025","article-title":"Mammalian phospholipase C\u03b6 induces oocyte activation from the sperm perinuclear matrix","volume":"274","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.06.029","article-title":"Functional, biochemical, and chromatographic characterization of the complete [Ca2+]i oscillation-inducing activity of porcine sperm","volume":"285","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10408","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313801200","article-title":"Recombinant Phospholipase C\u03b6 Has High Ca2+ Sensitivity and Induces Ca2+ Oscillations in Mouse Eggs","volume":"279","author":"Kouchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.036244","article-title":"Transgenic RNA Interference Reveals Role for Mouse Sperm Phospholipase C\u03b6 in Triggering Ca2+ Oscillations During Fertilization1","volume":"72","author":"Knott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.150227","article-title":"PLC\u03b6 is the physiological trigger of the Ca2+ oscillations that induce embryogenesis in mammals but offspring can be conceived in its absence","volume":"144","author":"Hachem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19497-6","article-title":"Sperm-borne phospholipase C zeta-1 ensures monospermic fertilization in mice","volume":"8","author":"Nozawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36942","article-title":"Human sperm devoid of PLC, zeta 1 fail to induce Ca2+ release and are unable to initiate the first step of embryo development","volume":"118","author":"Yoon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv617","article-title":"Homozygous mutation of PLCZ1 leads to defective human oocyte activation and infertility that is not rescued by the WW-binding protein PAWP","volume":"25","author":"Escoffier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0718-0","article-title":"PLC\u03b6 sequence, protein levels, and distribution in human sperm do not correlate with semen characteristics and fertilization rates after ICSI","volume":"33","author":"Barragan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep207","article-title":"Reduced amounts and abnormal forms of phospholipase C zeta (PLC ) in spermatozoa from infertile men","volume":"24","author":"Heytens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der336","article-title":"Loss of activity mutations in phospholipase C zeta (PLC ) abolishes calcium oscillatory ability of human recombinant protein in mouse oocytes","volume":"26","author":"Kashir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.001","article-title":"Variance in total levels of phospholipase C zeta (PLC-\u03b6) in human sperm may limit the applicability of quantitative immunofluorescent analysis as a diagnostic indicator of oocyte activation capability","volume":"99","author":"Kashir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.05.002","article-title":"Characterization of two heterozygous mutations of the oocyte activation factor phospholipase C zeta (PLC\u03b6) from an infertile man by use of minisequencing of individual sperm and expression in somatic cells","volume":"98","author":"Kashir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der384","article-title":"A maternally inherited autosomal point mutation in human phospholipase C zeta (PLC) leads to male infertility","volume":"27","author":"Kashir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez094","article-title":"Novel phospholipase C zeta 1 mutations associated with fertilization failures after ICSI","volume":"34","author":"Durban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2017.09.007","article-title":"Phospholipase C zeta parameters in sperm from polymorphic teratozoospermic men","volume":"215","author":"Azad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Anat. \u2013Anat. Anz."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"178","article-title":"Oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men display altered phospholipase C \u03b6 (PLC\u03b6) localization and a lower percentage of sperm cells expressing PLC\u03b6 and post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein (PAWP)","volume":"18","author":"Azad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gau098","article-title":"Subcellular localization of phospholipase C\u03b6 in human sperm and its absence in DPY19L2-deficient sperm are consistent with its role in oocyte activation","volume":"21","author":"Escoffier","year":"2014","journal-title":"MHR Basic Sci. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.05.004","article-title":"Sperm involved in recurrent partial hydatidiform moles cannot induce the normal pattern of calcium oscillations","volume":"102","author":"Nikiforaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2015.58.3.232","article-title":"Relationship between phospholipase C zeta immunoreactivity and DNA fragmentation and oxidation in human sperm","volume":"58","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2017.1298006","article-title":"Relationship between phospholipase C-zeta, semen parameters, and chromatin status","volume":"63","author":"Tavalaee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.12.013","article-title":"Expression of sperm PLC\u03b6 and clinical outcomes of ICSI-AOA in men affected by globozoospermia due to DPY19L2 deletion","volume":"36","author":"Tavalaee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. BioMedicine Online"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.018","article-title":"Total levels, localization patterns, and proportions of sperm exhibiting phospholipase C zeta are significantly correlated with fertilization rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"104","author":"Yelumalai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12796","article-title":"Phospholipase C zeta profiles are indicative of optimal sperm parameters and fertilisation success in patients undergoing fertility treatment","volume":"8","author":"Kashir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01748-z","article-title":"Increasing associations between defects in phospholipase C zeta and conditions of male infertility: Not just ICSI failure?","volume":"37","author":"Kashir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaw073","article-title":"Antigen unmasking enhances visualization efficacy of the oocyte activation factor, phospholipase C zeta, in mammalian sperm","volume":"23","author":"Kashir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27543","article-title":"Does advancing male age influence the expression levels and localisation patterns of phospholipase C zeta (PLC\u03b6) in human sperm?","volume":"6","author":"Yeste","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00028","article-title":"Essential Role of Sperm-Specific PLC-Zeta in Egg Activation and Male Factor Infertility: An Update","volume":"8","author":"Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202168","article-title":"Antigen unmasking does not improve the visualization of phospholipase C zeta in human spermatozoa","volume":"24","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20161057","article-title":"Male infertility-linked point mutation reveals a vital binding role for the C2 domain of sperm PLC\u03b6","volume":"474","author":"Nomikos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"281","article-title":"Diagnosis of genetic defects through parallel assessment of PLC\u03b6 and CAPZA3 in infertile men with history of failed oocyte activation","volume":"19","author":"Ghaedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13636","article-title":"Novel homozygous variations in PLCZ1 lead to poor or failed fertilization characterized by abnormal localization patterns of PLC\u03b6 in sperm","volume":"97","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0802-5","article-title":"An association between sperm PLC\u03b6 levels and varicocele?","volume":"33","author":"Tavalaee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12179","article-title":"Expression profile of PLC\u03b6,PAWP, andTR-KIT in association with fertilization potential, embryo development, and pregnancy outcomes in globozoospermic candidates for intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection and artificial oocyte activation","volume":"4","author":"Tavalaee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeste, M., Recuero, S., Maside, C., Salas-Huetos, A., Bonet, S., and Pinart, E. (2021). Blocking NHE Channels Reduces the Ability of In Vitro Capacitated Mammalian Sperm to Respond to Progesterone Stimulus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312646"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"e14269","article-title":"Phospholipase C-zeta levels are not correlated with fertilisation rates in infertile couples","volume":"54","author":"Cakar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des312","article-title":"Motile sperm organelle morphology evaluation-selected globozoospermic human sperm with an acrosomal bud exhibits novel patterns and higher levels of phospholipase C zeta","volume":"27","author":"Kashir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der258","article-title":"Successful childbirth after intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection without assisted oocyte activation in a patient with globozoospermia","volume":"26","author":"Sermondade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.04.078","article-title":"Sperm-induced Ca2+ release during egg activation in mammals","volume":"450","author":"Kashir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.11.2360","article-title":"Intra- and inter-individual variability in human sperm concentration, motility and vitality assessment during a workshop involving ten laboratories","volume":"15","author":"Auger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des382","article-title":"Variation in mean human sperm length is linked with semen characteristics","volume":"28","author":"Mossman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2016.1225322","article-title":"Seasonal variation of human sperm cells among 4,422 semen samples: A retrospective study in Turkey","volume":"62","author":"Ozelci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Organisation, W.H. (2010). WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, WHO Press. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29519","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.658443","article-title":"Essential Role of the EF-hand Domain in Targeting Sperm Phospholipase C\u03b6 to Membrane Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate (PIP2)","volume":"290","author":"Nomikos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gau011","article-title":"Human PLC exhibits superior fertilization potency over mouse PLC in triggering the Ca2+ oscillations required for mammalian oocyte activation","volume":"20","author":"Nomikos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.08.035","article-title":"Phospholipase C\u03b6 rescues failed oocyte activation in a prototype of male factor infertility","volume":"99","author":"Nomikos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/93.3.491","article-title":"Adaptive linear step-up procedures that control the false discovery rate","volume":"93","author":"Benjamini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biometrika"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/16\/2\/198\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:18:36Z","timestamp":1760120316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/16\/2\/198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ph16020198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph16020198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]}}}