{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:10:36Z","timestamp":1771477836257,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Program Magister Menuju Doktor Sarjana Unggul"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to obtain a microbial active compound as a novel antimalarial drug from Indonesian isolates. Target-based assays were used to screen for antimalarial activity against the parasite mitochondrial, Plasmodium falciparum malate:quinone oxidoreductase (PfMQO) enzyme. In total, 1600 crude extracts, composed from 800 fungi and 800 actinomycetes extracts, were screened against PfMQO, yielding six active extracts as primary hits. After several stages of stability tests, one extract produced by Aspergillus sp. BioMCC f.T.8501 demonstrated stable PfMQO inhibitory activity. Several purification stages, including OCC, TLC, and HPLC, were performed to obtain bioactive compounds from this active extract. All purification steps were followed by an assay against PfMQO. We identified the active compound as nornidulin based on its LC-MS and UV spectrum data. Nornidulin inhibited PfMQO activity at IC50 of 51 \u00b5M and P.\u00a0falciparum 3D7 proliferation in vitro at IC50 of 44.6 \u00b5M, however, it had no effect on the growth of several mammalian cells. In conclusion, we isolated nornidulin from Indonesian Aspergillus sp. BioMCC f.T.8501 as a novel inhibitor of PfMQO, which showed inhibitory activity against the proliferation of P. falciparum 3D7 in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T02:42:33Z","timestamp":1676256153000},"page":"268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nornidulin, A New Inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum Malate: Quinone Oxidoreductase (PfMQO) from Indonesian Aspergillus sp. BioMCC f.T.8501"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9279-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfian Wika","family":"Cahyono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loeki Enggar","family":"Fitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sri","family":"Winarsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology\u2014Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwahyuni Endang","family":"Prabandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1280-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danang","family":"Waluyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amila","family":"Pramisandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evita","family":"Chrisnayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Dewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7360-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eka","family":"Siska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurlaila","family":"Nurlaila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuki Bambang","family":"Nugroho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Centre, Jalan Raya Bogor, Bogor 16143, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1354-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyoshi","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suciati","family":"Suciati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020). 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