{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:21:38Z","timestamp":1791393698182,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is fatal and devastating, necessitating several efforts to identify potent biotherapeutic molecules. This review seeks to provide perspectives on complementing existing work on Ebola virus (EBOV) by discussing the role of machine learning (ML) techniques in the prediction of small molecule inhibitors of EBOV. Different ML algorithms have been used to predict anti-EBOV compounds, including Bayesian, support vector machine, and random forest algorithms, which present strong models with credible outcomes. The use of deep learning models for predicting anti-EBOV molecules is underutilized; therefore, we discuss how such models could be leveraged to develop fast, efficient, robust, and novel algorithms to aid in the discovery of anti-EBOV drugs. We further discuss the deep neural network as a plausible ML algorithm for predicting anti-EBOV compounds. We also summarize the plethora of data sources necessary for ML predictions in the form of systematic and comprehensive high-dimensional data. With ongoing efforts to eradicate EVD, the application of artificial intelligence-based ML to EBOV drug discovery research can promote data-driven decision making and may help to reduce the high attrition rates of compounds in the drug development pipeline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T02:31:55Z","timestamp":1677033115000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Big Data for Ebola Virus Drug Discovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1093-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Kwofie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana"},{"name":"West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Broni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5896-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kweku S.","family":"Enninful","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clement","family":"Agoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa"},{"name":"Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud E. S.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6048-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2017.12.002","article-title":"Filoviruses: Ecology, Molecular Biology, and Evolution","volume":"100","author":"Emanuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.01.005","article-title":"A systematic review of Ebola virus disease outbreaks and an analysis of the efficacy and safety of newer drugs approved for the treatment of Ebola virus disease by the US Food and Drug Administration from 2016 to 2020","volume":"15","author":"Sivanandy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Infect. 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