{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:02Z","timestamp":1787027882852,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbamate pesticides are a risk to human well-being, and pirimicarb is the most widely employed carbamate insecticide. This ongoing investigation aimed to reveal its toxicity on neurobehavioral and reproductive function. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats by assessment of behavioral changes via experiments, such as the forced swim test and the elevated plus maze; determination of oxidative stress (checking parameters such as catalase activity, etc.); measurement of cortisol and testosterone serum titers, and IL-1\u03b2 levels in the plasma and brain; and evaluation of histopathological lesions that induced pirimicarb after 28 days of gavage, specifically in the brain and testis. Traces of pirimicarb were analyzed in tissue extracts using LCMS\/MS. At the same time, the beneficial and protective effect of EamCE (Ephedra\u00a0alata monjauzeana Crude Extract) were tested. The outcomes showed considerable anxiety and depressive status, with an evident increase in cortisol and IL-1\u03b2 titers and an important decrease in oxidative enzymes and testosterone. Significant histological lesions were also recorded. In addition, the LCMS\/MS analysis affirmed the accumulation of pirimicarb in organ tissue from rats force-fed with pirimicarb. Conversely, EamCE demonstrated outstanding potential as a preventive treatment, restoring cognitive and physical performance, boosting fertility, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and preserving tissue integrity. We concluded that pirimicarb has critical deleterious impacts on health, affecting the neuroimmune-endocrine axis, and EamCE has a general euphoric and preventive effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:07:38Z","timestamp":1678154858000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pirimicarb Induction of Behavioral Disorders and of Neurological and Reproductive Toxicities in Male Rats: Euphoric and Preventive Effects of Ephedra\u00a0alata Monjauzeana"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8154-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latifa","family":"Khattabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine1 (UFMC1), BP, 325 Route de Ain El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria"},{"name":"Biotechnology Research Center, Constantine (CRBt), Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03 BP E73, Constantine 25016, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziez","family":"Chettoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Brothers Mentouri, Constantine1 (UFMC1), BP, 325 Route de Ain El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-008X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houari","family":"Hemida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3001-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Boussebaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), BP384, Bou-Ismail, Tipaza 42004, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6188-7990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Atanassova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metalurgy, 1734 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3536-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Messaoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, Ain Oussera, Djelfa 17200, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102454","article-title":"Pesticides and human health","volume":"72","author":"Blair","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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