{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:02:50Z","timestamp":1760148170392,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["No.NRF-2021R1A2C2093617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.NRF-2021R1A2C2093617"]}]},{"name":"Korean government","award":["No.NRF-2021R1A2C2093617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.NRF-2021R1A2C2093617"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We identify the angiotensin II (AngII)-associated changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the biomechanical properties of the sclera after systemic hypotension. Systemic hypotension was induced by administering oral hydrochlorothiazide. AngII receptor levels and ECM components in the sclera and biomechanical properties were evaluated based on the stress\u2013strain relationship after systemic hypotension. The effect of inhibiting the AngII receptor with losartan was determined in the systemic hypotensive animal model and the cultured scleral fibroblasts from this model. The effect of losartan on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death was evaluated in the retina. Both AngII receptor type I (AT-1R) and type II (AT-2R) increased in the sclera after systemic hypotension. Proteins related to the activation of fibroblasts (transforming growth factor [TGF]-\u03b21 and TGF-\u03b22) indicated that transformation to myofibroblasts (\u03b1 smooth muscle actin [SMA]), and the major ECM protein (collagen type I) increased in the sclera after systemic hypotension. These changes were associated with stiffening of the sclera in the biomechanical analysis. Administering losartan in the sub-Tenon tissue significantly decreased the expression of AT-1R, \u03b1SMA, TGF-\u03b2, and collagen type I in the cultured scleral fibroblasts and the sclera of systemic hypotensive rats. The sclera became less stiff after the losartan treatment. A significant increase in the number of RGCs and decrease in glial cell activation was found in the retina after the losartan treatment. These findings suggest that AngII plays a role in scleral fibrosis after systemic hypotension and that inhibiting AngII could modulate the tissue properties of the sclera, resulting in the protection of RGCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T08:41:52Z","timestamp":1680770512000},"page":"556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Angiotensin II-Related Activation of Scleral Fibroblasts and Their Role on Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Si-Eun","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jong","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan-Kee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4536-5332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae-Young Lopilly","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16257-0","article-title":"Primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"363","author":"Weinreb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4143","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21474","article-title":"Racial Differences in the Extracellular Matrix and Histone Acetylation of the Lamina Cribrosa and Peripapillary Sclera","volume":"58","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. 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