{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:34:47Z","timestamp":1790274887526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia","award":["0033-1442-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0033-1442-S"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of synthetic medication for treating alopecia is restricted because of systemic exposure and related negative effects. Beta-sitosterol (\u03b2-ST), a natural chemical, has lately been studied for its potential to promote hair development. The cubosomes with dissolving microneedles (CUBs-MND) created in this study may be a useful starting point for the creation of a sophisticated dermal delivery system for \u03b2-ST. Cubosomes (CUBs) were prepared by the emulsification method, using glyceryl monooleate (GMO) as a lipid polymer. CUBs were loaded with dissolving microneedles (MND) fabricated with HA and a PVP-K90 matrix. An ex vivo skin permeation study and an in vivo hair growth efficacy test of \u03b2-ST were performed with both CUB and CUB-MND. The average particle size of the CUBs was determined to be 173.67 \u00b1 0.52 nm, with a low polydispersity index (0.3) and a high zeta potential value that prevents the aggregate formation of dispersed particles. When compared to CUBs alone, CUBs-MND displayed higher permeating levels of \u03b2-ST at all-time points. In the animals from the CUB-MND group, significant hair development was observed. According to the results of the current investigation, CUBs that integrate dissolving microneedles of \u03b2-ST are superior in terms of transdermal skin penetration and activity for the treatment of alopecia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:26:06Z","timestamp":1681097166000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Enhanced Skin Permeation and Controlled Release of \u03b2-Sitosterol Using Cubosomes Encrusted with Dissolving Microneedles for the Management of Alopecia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kousalya","family":"Prabahar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5064-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ubaidulla","family":"Uthumansha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nehal","family":"Elsherbiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Qushawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Alarish 45511, North Sinai, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-020-00673-w","article-title":"Alopecia Areata: A Review on Diagnosis, Immunological Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Options","volume":"21","author":"Sterkens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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