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Thus, we investigated the use of heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) in the repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve (BBFN) associated with photobiomodulation (PBM), using a low-level laser (LLLT), analyzing the effects on axons, muscles facials, and functional recovery. This experimental study used twenty-one rats randomly divided into three groups of seven animals, using the BBFN bilaterally (the left nerve was used for LLLT): Control group\u2014normal and laser (CGn and CGl); Denervated group\u2014normal and laser (DGn and DGl); Experimental Repair Group\u2014normal and laser (ERGn and ERGl). The photobiomodulation protocol began in the immediate postoperative period and continued for 5 weeks with a weekly application. After 6 weeks of the experiment, the BBFN and the perioral muscles were collected. A significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) was observed in nerve fiber diameter (7.10 \u00b1 0.25 \u00b5m and 8.00 \u00b1 0.36 \u00b5m, respectively) and axon diameter (3.31 \u00b1 0.19 \u00b5m and 4.07 \u00b1 0.27 \u00b5m, respectively) between ERGn and ERGl. In the area of muscle fibers, ERGl was similar to GC. In the functional analysis, the ERGn and the ERGI (4.38 \u00b1 0.10) and the ERGI (4.56 \u00b1 0.11) showed parameters of normality. We show that HFB and PBM had positive effects on the morphological and functional stimulation of the buccal branch of the facial nerve, being an alternative and favorable for the regeneration of severe injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T04:30:47Z","timestamp":1682569847000},"page":"653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Morphofunctional Improvement of the Facial Nerve and Muscles with Repair Using Heterologous Fibrin Biopolymer and Photobiomodulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8963-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleuber Rodrigo de Souza","family":"Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB\/USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Dentistry School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara Cassola","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB\/USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9914-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Vieira","family":"Buchaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9855-5594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedito","family":"Barraviera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP\u2014Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6952-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Seabra","family":"Ferreira Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP\u2014Universidade Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0674-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo S\u00e9rgio da Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique Bertoni","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB\/USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"},{"name":"UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-160, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Maldonado","family":"Pastori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayane Maria Braz","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB\/USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Augusto","family":"Cini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of West Paulista (UNOESTE), 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