{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:55Z","timestamp":1787029255550,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2023R171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R171"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was established to be ameliorated by islet transplantation, but the shortage of the transplanted human islet tissue and the use of immunosuppressive drugs to inhibit the rejection of allogeneic grafts make this type of therapy is limited. Nowadays, therapy with stem cells is one of the most promising future treatments. This kind of therapy could have a profound impact on both replacement, as well as regenerative therapies, to improve or even cure various disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Flavonoids have also been shown to possess anti-diabetic effects. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and hesperetin in the treatment of a T1DM rat model. T1DM was induced in male Wistar rats that had been starved for 16 h via intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 40 mg\/kg body weight (b.wt.). After 10 days of STZ injection, the diabetic rats were allocated into four groups. The first diabetic animal group was considered a diabetic control, while the other three diabetic animal groups were treated for six weeks, respectively, with hesperetin (given orally at a dose of 20 mg\/kg b.wt.), BM-MSCs (injected intravenously at a dose of 1 \u00d7 106 cells\/rat\/week), and their combination (hesperetin and BM-MSCs). The use of hesperetin and BM-MSCs in the treatment of STZ-induced diabetic animals significantly improved the glycemic state, serum fructosamine, insulin and C-peptide levels, liver glycogen content, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase activities, hepatic oxidative stress, and mRNA expressions of NF-\u03baB, IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, P53, and Bcl-2 in pancreatic tissue. The study suggested the therapy with both hesperetin and BM-MSCs produced marked antihyperglycemic effects, which may be mediated via their potencies to ameliorate pancreatic islet architecture and insulin secretory response, as well as to decrease hepatic glucose output in diabetic animals. The improvement effects of hesperetin and BM-MSCs on the pancreatic islets of diabetic rats may be mediated via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T02:59:57Z","timestamp":1686279597000},"page":"859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Efficiency of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hesperetin in the Treatment of Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3781-9709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"},{"name":"Experimental Obesity and Diabetes Research Lab (EODRL), Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ablaa S.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9179-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Ghoneim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9194-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasnaa Ali","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Abdelgawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6573-2411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abdel-Gabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yclnex.2020.09.001","article-title":"Possible ameliorative role of green tea on chronic alcohol mediated renal toxicity of STZ -induced diabetic rats","volume":"34","author":"Kodidela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. Exp."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"13667","article-title":"Anacardium Humile St. Hil as a Novel Source of Antioxidant, Antiglycation and \u03b1-Amylase Inhibitors Molecules With Potential for Management of Oxidative Stress and Diabetes","volume":"268","author":"Franco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5897\/JPAP2013.0001","article-title":"The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Ozougwu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Drug Therapy in Obesity: A Review of Current and Emerging Treatments","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther. Res. Treat. Educ. Diabetes Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, H., Sakata, N., Yoshimatsu, G., Hasegawa, S., and Kodama, S. (2019). Regenerative and Transplantation Medicine: Cellular Therapy Using Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020249"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000203961.16630.2f","article-title":"Prospective and Challenges of Islet Transplantation for the Therapy of Autoimmune Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20154363","article-title":"Development of the endocrine pancreas and novel strategies for \u03b2-cell mass restoration and diabetes therapy","volume":"48","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"59","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell: Stem cell therapy for type 1diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Farge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Rom. Acad."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.8.8973","article-title":"Insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 differentiation of human pancreatic isletderived progenitor cells into insulin producing cells","volume":"143","author":"Abraham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-0008","article-title":"Immunological Applications of Stem Cells in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Fiorina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2018_195","article-title":"Stem Cell Therapy and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment Strategies and Future Perspectives","volume":"1084","author":"Farooq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201238","article-title":"Combined therapy of insulin-producing cells and haematopoietic stem cells offers better diabetic control than only haematopoietic stem cells\u2019 infusion for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"2014","author":"Dave","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7012692","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7012692","article-title":"Experimental Strategies of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Propagation: Adverse Events and Potential Risk of Functional Changes","volume":"2019","author":"Drela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"22","article-title":"Stem Cell Therapies in Regenerative Medicine and Diabetes Mellitus: Advances, Constraints and Future Prospects","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Transpl. Stem Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birtwistle, L., Chen, X.-M., and Pollock, C. (2021). Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to the Rescue of Renal Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126596"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1141","article-title":"Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Identification of a Novel Role in Improving Insulin Sensitivity","volume":"61","author":"Si","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"3","article-title":"Clinical applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"13","author":"Sudkamp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.072352ns","article-title":"An efficient method for isolation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"51","author":"Nadri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayed, H.M., Awaad, A.S., Abdel Rahman, F.E.-Z.S., Al-Dossari, M., Abd El-Gawaad, N.S., and Ahmed, O.M. (2023). Combinatory Effect and Modes of Action of Chrysin and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Streptozotocin\/Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16010034"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.7.1274","article-title":"The Citrus Flavonoids Hesperetin and Nobiletin Differentially Regulate Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Transcription in HepG2 Liver Cells 3","volume":"138","author":"Morin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.07.019","article-title":"Efficacy of the potential chemopreventive agent, hesperetin (citrus flavanone), on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis","volume":"47","author":"Aranganathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.102","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic effect of hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, extenuates hyperglycemia and exploring the potential role in antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"97","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8582","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c03257","article-title":"Hesperetin, a Promising Treatment Option for Diabetes and Related Complications: A Literature Review","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.03.002","article-title":"Antioxidative effects of hesperetin against 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced oxidative stress in mice","volume":"82","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072826r","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of the citrus flavanones against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells","volume":"56","author":"Hwang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"3367","article-title":"Kinetics of radical-scavenging activity of hesperetin and hesperidin and their inhibitory activity on COX-2 expression","volume":"25","author":"Hirata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Yumol, J.L., and Ward, W.E. (2018). Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2020.08040","article-title":"Combinatory effect of hesperetin and mesenchymal stem cells on the deteriorated lipid profile, heart and kidney functions and antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats","volume":"44","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11648\/j.jctr.20170501.11","article-title":"The Role of Hesperetin in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications","volume":"5","author":"Revathy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cancer Treat. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"622","article-title":"Protective effects of Chrysanthemi Flos extract against streptozotocin-induced oxidative damage in diabetic mice","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"102","article-title":"Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Mucunapruriens (fabaceae) on Lipid Profile inAlloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar rats","volume":"3","author":"Eze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"WHO (2011). Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus: Abbreviated Report of a WHO Consultation. Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s209","article-title":"Heart in Diabetes: A Microvascular Disease","volume":"34","author":"Laakso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9938658","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9938658","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Excellent Candidate for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"2021","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-6-34","article-title":"The role of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in attenuation of kidney function in rats with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"6","author":"Wassef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R109","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-17-0117","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"2450","article-title":"Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomal MiR-29b-3p Regulates Aging-Associated Insulin Resistance","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.04.002","article-title":"Can Stem Cells Ameliorate the Pancreatic Damage Induced by Streptozotocin in Rats?","volume":"42","author":"Ezz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2007.0047","article-title":"Stem\/Progenitor Cell Sources of Insulin-Producing Cells for the Treatment of Diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Lock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation","volume":"15","author":"Alberti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"371","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic effects of Plantago ispaghula seeds aqueous extracts in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic rats","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"214","article-title":"Silymarin improves pancreatic endocrine function in rats","volume":"34","author":"Gad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Kamal, N.M. (1991). Role of Hormone Receptor in the Aetiology of Insulin Dependent and Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University]."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.162116","article-title":"Effect of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on glycaemic profile & their localization in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats","volume":"142","author":"Dutta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Med Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt841","article-title":"Bone marrow\u2013derived stem cells initiate pancreatic regeneration","volume":"21","author":"Hess","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2010.0583","article-title":"Transplanted Human Bone Marrow Progenitor Subtypes Stimulate Endogenous Islet Regeneration and Revascularization","volume":"21","author":"Bell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E328","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v31i6.4918","article-title":"Allogeneic diabetic mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat","volume":"31","author":"Dong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.2.113","article-title":"Serum fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin measurements in diabetic control","volume":"61","author":"Hindle","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Bishop, M.L., and Fody, E.P. (1996). Clinical Chemistry; Principles, Procedures, Correlations, Lippincott."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"39","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects and the probable mechanisms of action of ruta graveolens infusion and rutin in nicotinamide streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"27","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02275.x","article-title":"The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway can mediate myocardial apoptosis in a rat model of diet-induced insulin resistance","volume":"202","author":"Rajamani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"214","article-title":"Influence of hesperetin on glycoprotein components in diabetic rats","volume":"7","author":"Revathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03218-y","article-title":"Co-treatment with grape seed extract and mesenchymal stem cells in vivo regenerated beta cells of islets of Langerhans in pancreas of type I-induced diabetic rats","volume":"13","author":"Farid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, O.M., Ali, T.M., Abdel Gaid, M.A., and Elberry, A.A. (2019). Effects of enalapril and paricalcitol treatment on diabetic nephropathy and renal expressions of TNF-\u03b1, p53, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in STZ-induced diabetic rats. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/577106"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357022403","article-title":"Antidiabetic activity of Zingiber officinal in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats","volume":"56","author":"Akhani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3923\/ijzr.2009.42.61","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant efficacy of vasoactive intestinal peptide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Zool. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-014-0268-x","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic effects of citrus flavonoids; a study on the mechanism of action","volume":"35","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.01.055","article-title":"The role of calcium in intracellular pathways of rutin in rat pancreatic islets: Potential insulin secretagogue effect","volume":"702","author":"Kappel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0542","article-title":"Congenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Reverses Hyperglycemia in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Jurewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ezquer, F., Ezquer, M., Simon, V., and Conget, P. (2011). The Antidiabetic Effect of MSCs Is Not Impaired by Insulin Prophylaxis and Is Not Improved by a Second Dose of Cells. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016566"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00319-6","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Eugenia jambolana and Tinospora cordifolia in experimental diabetes and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"73","author":"Grover","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"351","article-title":"The hypoglycemic effect of curcumin and esculetin and their probable mechanisms of action in streptozotocin diabetic albino rats","volume":"46","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Egypt Ger. Soc. Zool."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"175","article-title":"Studies on the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of glimepiride and some antidiabetic plants on streptozotocin diabetic rats","volume":"34","author":"Ahmed","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Egypt Ger. Soc. Zool."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011974630828","article-title":"Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed powder improves glucose homeostasis in alloxan diabetic rat tissues by reserving the altered glycolytic, gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes","volume":"224","author":"Raju","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"253","article-title":"Evaluation of the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and myocardial enhancing properties of pioglitazone in diabetic and hyperthyroid rats","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3360019","article-title":"Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver","volume":"336","author":"Bollen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gluconeogenes is an ancient biochemical pathway with a new twist","volume":"25","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fly"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2499","article-title":"The hypoglycemic effects of hesperidin and naringin are partly mediated by hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes in C57BL\/KsJ-db\/db mice","volume":"134","author":"Jung","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.11.003","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of citrus flavanones on hepatic gluconeogenesis","volume":"92","author":"Constantin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.11.7.9212078","article-title":"The role of glucose 6-phosphate in the control of glycogen synthase","volume":"11","author":"Guinovart","year":"1997","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.04.134","article-title":"Protective role of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel and seed oil extracts on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatic injury in male rats","volume":"141","author":"Shaban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00499-4","article-title":"Increased nitric oxide levels as an early sign of premature aging in diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Stadler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00057-X","article-title":"Hyperglycemia induced by glucose infusion causes hepatic oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, but not STAT3 or MAP kinase activation in liver in rats","volume":"52","author":"Ling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00351","article-title":"Hepatic changes in the acute phase of streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetes in mice","volume":"55","author":"Kume","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.203.211","article-title":"Lipid Peroxidation and Resistance to Oxidation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"203","author":"Pasaoglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90192-6","article-title":"Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes","volume":"11","author":"Esterbauer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"90","article-title":"Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats","volume":"57","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"75","article-title":"Antioxidant Status and Organ Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aqueous, Methanolic and Petroleum Ether Extracts of Ocimum","volume":"3","author":"Ugwu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"33","article-title":"The effect of hesperetin on serum level of aspartate and alanine amoinotransferase and hepatic and cardiac level of malondialdehyde in diabetic rats","volume":"18","author":"Narenjkar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Daneshvar Med."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"85","article-title":"Autologous transplantation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"30","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5264064","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5264064","article-title":"Changes in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats: Role of Alhagi maurorum Extracts","volume":"2016","author":"Sheweita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.09.016","article-title":"Evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant and vasoprotective effects of Posidonia oceanica extract","volume":"115","author":"Gokce","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2917","article-title":"Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed residues in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"74","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of cinnamaldehyde and hesperedin mixture on induced type-1- diabetic rats","volume":"7","author":"Zahran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2004.06.002","article-title":"Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, prevents and protects streptozotocininduced oxidative stress and \u03b2 -cell damage in rat pancreas","volume":"51","author":"Coskun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"412","article-title":"Biology of disease-free radicals and tissue injury","volume":"47","author":"Bruce","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lab Investig."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.09.004","article-title":"Advanced glycation endproducts\u2014Role in pathology of diabetic complications","volume":"67","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.07.016","article-title":"Elevation of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine-modified advanced glycation end products in chronic liver disease is an indicator of liver cirrhosis","volume":"39","author":"Yagmur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0480637","article-title":"Blood glutathione and non-glucose reducing substances in diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Illing","year":"1951","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00322-X","article-title":"Varadacharyulu NCh. Antioxidant role of mulberry leaves in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"338","author":"Andallu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-998-0258-y","article-title":"Protective effects of lemon flavonoids on oxidative stress in diabetic rats","volume":"33","author":"Miyake","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2014.03.004","article-title":"Hesperidin exerts antidepressant-like effects in acute and chronic treatments in mice: Possible role of l-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway and BDNF levels","volume":"104","author":"Donato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-010-0114-3","article-title":"HMGB1: The missing link between diabetes mellitus and heart failure","volume":"105","author":"Volz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201101-009MW","article-title":"Blocking NF-kappaB: An inflammatory issue","volume":"8","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200501800403","article-title":"Relationship between Reduced BCL-2 Expression in Circulating Mononuclear Cells and Early Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Cipollone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S97","article-title":"Mechanisms of pancreatic {beta}-cell death in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: Many differences, few similarities","volume":"54","author":"Cnop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggini, J., Mirkin, G., Geffner, J.R., Bognanni, I., Holmberg, J., Piazz\u00f3n, I.M., Nepomnaschy, I., Costa, H., Ca\u00f1ones, C., and Raiden, S. (2010). Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Turn Activated Macrophages into a Regulatory-Like Profile. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009252"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.03.060","article-title":"The citrus flavonoids hesperetin and naringenin block the lipolytic actions of TNF-\u03b1 in mouse adipocytes","volume":"394","author":"Yoshida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02681.x","article-title":"Cytokines Cause Functional and Structural Damage to Isolated Islets of Langerhans","volume":"40","author":"Bendtzen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"S93","article-title":"Measurement of human IL-1 by LIF induction, pancreatic islet-cell cytotoxicity, and bone resorption","volume":"5","author":"Bendtzen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lymphokine Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116129","article-title":"Interleukin 1 beta induces the formation of nitric oxide by beta-cells purified from rodent islets of Langerhans. Evidence for the beta-cell as a source and site of action of nitric oxide","volume":"90","author":"Corbett","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754802","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/754802","article-title":"Abnormal Cell Responses and Role of TNF-\u03b1 in Impaired Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"2013","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6185","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8006568","article-title":"Update on uses and properties of Citrus flavonolds: New findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"56","author":"Castillo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.05.013","article-title":"Regulation of urinary crystal inhibiting proteins and inflammatory genes by lemon peel extract and formulated citrus bioflavonoids on ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats","volume":"94","author":"Sridharan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7174319","article-title":"Infusion of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Experimental Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats","volume":"2016","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2013.11.004","article-title":"A comprehensive review on flavanones, the major citrus polyphenols","volume":"33","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25885","article-title":"Shielding Engineered Islets With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Survival Under Hypoxia","volume":"118","author":"Chandravanshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117561","article-title":"The Co-Transplantation of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduced Inflammation in Intramuscular Islet Transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.09.002","article-title":"Biology of interleukin-10","volume":"21","author":"Sabat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"2629","article-title":"Early intervention with mesenchymal stem cells prevents nephropathy in diabetic rats by ameliorating the inflammatory microenvironment","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.07.016","article-title":"Inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers in primary bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages by naturally occurring flavonoids: Analysis of the structure\u2013activity relationship","volume":"72","author":"Comalada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2000.0837","article-title":"The effects of phenolic components of tea on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by human leukocytes in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Crouvezier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0180","article-title":"Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells: A potential therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Abdi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6273","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.11.6273","article-title":"Induction of Caspase-9, Biochemical Assessment and Morphological Changes Caused by Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Treated with Goniothalamin Extracted from Goniothalamus macrophyllus","volume":"14","author":"Alabsi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399403006926","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: Molecular interactions between hepatitis C virus and p53 in hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Anzola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"137","article-title":"The CRM1 nuclear export protein in normal development and disease","volume":"3","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5836","article-title":"ABT-263: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable Bcl-2 Family Inhibitor","volume":"68","author":"Tse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"12","article-title":"Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Roles of BM-Mscs in Enhancing Pancreatic Auto-Immunity and Apoptotic Status in TIDM","volume":"14","author":"Hussein","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"325","article-title":"Differentiated mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate cardiovascular complications in diabetic rats","volume":"358","author":"Haidara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12236","article-title":"Caffeic acid, naringenin and quercetin enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity in INS-1E cells","volume":"16","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12719","article-title":"Protective effect of cirsimaritin against streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells","volume":"69","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.08.011","article-title":"Flavonol kaempferol improves chronic hyperglycemia-impaired pancreatic beta-cell viability and insulin secretory function","volume":"670","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.08.007","article-title":"The deleterious effect of cholesterol and protection by quercetin on mitochondrial bioenergetics of pancreatic \u03b2-cells, glycemic control and inflammation: In vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-007-0531-1","article-title":"In vitro culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats and differentiation into retinal neural-like cells","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7013.1000261","article-title":"A Simple Method for Isolation, Propagation, Characterization, and Differentiation of Adult Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"8","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8s63","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph1428s63","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Potential Cancer Stem Cells from Solid Human Tumors\u2014Potential Applications","volume":"63","author":"Dobbin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-115","article-title":"Stromal cell derived factor-1alpha protects stem cell derived insulin-producing cells from glucotoxicity under high glucose conditions in-vitro and ameliorates drug induced diabetes in rats","volume":"11","author":"Tariq","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"3980","article-title":"Effect of hesperetin on hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative damage in the hepatic and renal tissues of experimental diabetic rats","volume":"5","author":"Revathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Glob. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6465.352","article-title":"Serum fructosamine concentration as a measure of blood glucose control in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes","volume":"290","author":"Baker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"191","article-title":"The estimation of glycogen with anthrone reagent","volume":"25","author":"Seifter","year":"1950","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"774","article-title":"Serum enzymes in human and experimental diabetes mellitus","volume":"68","author":"Begum","year":"1978","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04144.x","article-title":"The stimulation of liver phosphorylase b by AMP, fluoride and sulfate. A technical note of the specific determination of the a and b forms of liver glycogen phosphorylase","volume":"54","author":"Stallman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"715","article-title":"Determination of inorganic phosphorus in serum","volume":"15","author":"Zakhary","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"158","article-title":"Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase","volume":"70","author":"Paglia","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"Bergmeyen, H.V. (1983). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Verlag Chemie. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_139","unstructured":"Bancroft, J.D., and Stevens, A. (1982). Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, Churchill-Livingstone. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-008-0228-1","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative potential of Matricaria chamomilla L. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"62","author":"Cemek","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2307\/2527799","article-title":"Multiple ranges tests for correlated and heteroscedastic means","volume":"13","author":"Duncan","year":"1957","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/16\/6\/859\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:51:09Z","timestamp":1760125869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/16\/6\/859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ph16060859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph16060859","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]}}}