{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:42:06Z","timestamp":1787740926800,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder which causes a significant clinical problem due to its prevalence. The ongoing treatment for AD is aimed at improving the patient\u2019s quality of life. Additionally, glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants are being used in systemic therapy. Baricitinib (BNB) is a reversible Janus-associated kinase (JAK)-inhibitor; JAK is an important kinase involved in different immune responses. We aimed at developing and evaluating new topical liposomal formulations loaded with BNB for the treatment of flare ups. Three liposomal formulations were elaborated using POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine), CHOL (Cholesterol) and CER (Ceramide) in different proportions: (i) POPC, (ii) POPC:CHOL (8:2, mol\/mol) and (iii) POPC:CHOL:CER (3.6:2.4:4.0 mol\/mol\/mol). They were physiochemically characterized over time. In addition, an in vitro release study, ex vivo permeation and retention studies in altered human skin (AHS) were also performed. Histological analysis was used to study the tolerance of the formulations on the skin. Lastly, the HET-CAM test was also performed to evaluate the irritancy capacity of the formulations, and the modified Draize test was performed to evaluate the erythema and edema capacity of the formulations on the altered skin. All liposomes showed good physicochemical properties and were stable for at least one month. POPC:CHOL:CER had the highest flux and permeation, and the retention in the skin was equal to that of POPC:CHOL. The formulations exhibited no harmful or irritating effects, and the histological examination revealed no changes in structure. The three liposomes have shown promising results for the aim of the study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T03:04:40Z","timestamp":1687143880000},"page":"894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Baricitinib Lipid-Based Nanosystems as a Topical Alternative for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2571-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Garr\u00f3s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9453-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Bustos-Salgados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7281-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d2scar","family":"Dom\u00e8nech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Beirampour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Mohammadi-Meyabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9316-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Mallandrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Calpena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 645 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Colom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farm\u00e0cia i Tecnologia Farmac\u00e8utica, i Fisicoqu\u00edmica, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Structure, Preparation and Application","volume":"5","author":"Naseri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tabriz Univ. 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