{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:51:56Z","timestamp":1788551516483,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidiosis is a parasitic infection threatening poultry products globally. Parasite resistance to drugs is one of the barriers to Eimeria control. Natural products are one of the sources of compounds that prevent parasite infections. The current study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effect of Vitis vinifera leaf extract on anti-inflammatory response, oxidative status, and goblet cell response against Eimeria papillate infection in mice. Methanol was used as a solvent for phytochemicals. The mice were divided into six groups: The first group was the control. The second group was uninfected and treated with 200 mg\/kg of extract to test toxicity, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups of mice received 1 \u00d7 103 sporulated E. papillate oocysts. The third group received no treatment. The fourth and fifth groups were treated daily with 100 and 200 mg\/kg of V. vinifera leaf extract, respectively, while the sixth group received 25 mg\/kg of toltrazuril daily via gavage. On day 5 p.i., the animals were sacrificed, and jejunum samples were prepared for analyses of histological sections and oxidative stress. The phytochemical analysis using GC-MS of the extract showed the presence of 12 biologically active compounds. The most effective dose was 200 mg\/kg, which significantly decreased the number of parasitic stages in the jejunal sections of the mice. The findings demonstrate that E. papillate infection in mice results in significant histopathological changes in the jejunum, including inflammation, epithelial vacuolation, villi loss, and a decrease in goblet cell density. When infected mice received treatment, the histological injury score within the infected jejunum tissue decreased by 63%, and the goblet cell quantity dramatically increased, approaching the control values. Finally, the extract ameliorated the changes in glutathione and malondialdehyde due to E. papillate infection. The extract was proven to have anti-inflammatory properties and reduce the number of oocysts. Overall, the findings show that V. vinifera leaf extract has significant anticoccidial effects in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16070928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T02:19:20Z","timestamp":1687832360000},"page":"928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pharmacological Effects of Grape Leaf Extract Reduce Eimeriosis-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Status Change, and Goblet Cell Response in the Jejunum of Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3717-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutee","family":"Murshed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jameel","family":"Al-Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam M. A.","family":"Aljawdah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Al-Quraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.10.003","article-title":"Securing poultry production from the ever-present Eimeria challenge","volume":"30","author":"Blake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00384","article-title":"Overview of poultry Eimeria life cycle and host-parasite interactions","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. 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