{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:03Z","timestamp":1787029263375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006054","name":"University of Guanajuato","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIIC 009\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIC 009\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006054","name":"University of Guanajuato","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIIC 054\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIC 054\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006054","name":"University of Guanajuato","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIIC 055\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIC 055\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Papaveraceae) is used in folk medicine as a sedative and hypnotic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic-like, sedative, antidepressant-like, and anticonvulsant activities of a dichloromethane extract of A. ochroleuca stems (AOE), chemically standardized using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), and its active compound dihydrosanguinarine (DHS). The anxiolytic-like, sedative, antidepressant-like, and anticonvulsant activities of the AOE (0.1\u201350 mg\/kg p.o.) and DHS (0.1\u201310 mg\/kg p.o.) were evaluated using murine models. A possible mechanism for the neurological actions induced by the AOE or DHS was assessed using inhibitors of neurotransmission pathways and molecular docking. Effective dose 50 (ED50) values were calculated by a linear regression analysis. The AOE showed anxiolytic-like activity in the cylinder exploratory test (ED50 = 33 mg\/kg), and antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test (ED50 = 3 mg\/kg) and the tail suspension test (ED50 = 23 mg\/kg), whereas DHS showed anxiolytic-like activity (ED50 = 2 mg\/kg) in the hole board test. The AOE (1\u201350 mg\/kg) showed no locomotive affectations or sedation in mice. A docking study revealed the affinity of DHS for \u03b12-adrenoreceptors and GABAA receptors. The anxiolytic-like and anticonvulsant effects of the AOE are due to GABAergic participation, whereas the antidepressant-like effects of the AOE are due to the noradrenergic system. The noradrenergic and GABAergic systems are involved in the anxiolytic-like actions of DHS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16081175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T10:14:38Z","timestamp":1692353678000},"page":"1175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neuropharmacological Effects of the Dichloromethane Extract from the Stems of Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Papaveraceae) and Its Active Compound Dihydrosanguinarine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2626-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunice","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Barrientos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8860-118X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Barragan-Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Hidalgo-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONAHCyT-Divisi\u00f3n de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica A.C., San Luis Potos\u00ed 78216, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Reyes-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-9294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria L.","family":"Gonzalez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1537-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cruz Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Isiordia-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Alicia","family":"Deveze-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-1809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarisa","family":"Villegas G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel Josabad","family":"Alonso-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Argemone ochroleuca: (Papaveraceae), alkaloid potential source for agricultural and medicinal uses","volume":"23","author":"Bernal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. 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