{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:03:56Z","timestamp":1791813836685,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"JST CREST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCR17H1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR17H1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"JST CREST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21J20728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21J20728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCR17H1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR17H1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21J20728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21J20728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canon Foundation Research Grant Program","award":["JPMJCR17H1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR17H1"]}]},{"name":"Canon Foundation Research Grant Program","award":["21J20728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21J20728"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple sclerosis is a disease caused by autoantigen-responsive immune cells that disrupt the myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). Although immunosuppressive drugs are used to suppress symptoms, no definitive therapy exists. As in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, a partial sequence of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35\u201355) was identified as a causative autoantigen. This suggests that the induction of immune tolerance that is specific to MOG35\u201355 would be a fundamental treatment for EAE. We previously reported that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing an anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS), in their lipid composition, can be used to deliver mRNA and that this leads to proteins of interest to be expressed in the spleen. In addition to the targeting capability of PS, PS molecules avoid activating the immune system. Physiologically, the recognition of PS on apoptotic cells suppresses immune activation against these cells by releasing cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 that negatively regulate immunity. In this study, we tested whether mRNA delivery of autoantigens to the spleen by PS-LNPs causes the expression of MOG35\u201355 antigens with minimal immune stimulation and whether this could be used to treat an EAE model by inducing immune tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T09:51:37Z","timestamp":1694080297000},"page":"1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Tolerogenic Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivering Self-Antigen mRNA for the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Masaki","family":"Gomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of DDS Design and 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Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koki","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, 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