{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:02:11Z","timestamp":1787029331983,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["RGP2\/55\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/55\/44"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension can begin in childhood; elevated blood pressure in children is known as pediatric hypertension. Contrary to adult hypertension, there is a scarcity of commercial medications suitable for the treatment of pediatric hypertension. The aim of this study was to develop orally dispersible films (ODFs) loaded with captopril for the treatment of hypertension in children. Captopril-loaded ODFs were composed of different blends of synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and natural polymers, such as sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin. The ODFs were characterized based on their mechanical and thermal properties, drug content, surface morphology, in vitro disintegration, in vitro release, and bioavailability. A novel HPLC method with precolumn derivatization was developed to precisely and selectively determine captopril levels in plasma. A low concentration of PVA and a high concentration of SA generated ODFs with faster hydration and disintegration rates. SA-based films exhibited fast disintegration properties (1\u20132 min). The optimized modified-release film (F2) showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) enhancement in bioavailability (AUC = 1000 ng min\/mL), with a value 1.43 times that of Capoten\u00ae tablets (701 ng min\/mL). While the plasma concentration peaking was in favor of the immediate-release tablet, Tmax was significantly prolonged by 5.4 times for the optimized ODF (3.59 h) compared with that of the tablets (0.66 h). These findings indicate uniform and sustained plasma concentrations, as opposed to the pulsatile and rapid plasma peaking of captopril from the immediate-release tablets. These findings suggest that the modified release of oral films could offer more favorable plasma profiles and better control of hypertension than the conventional release tablets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T23:11:52Z","timestamp":1695165112000},"page":"1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Captopril Polyvinyl Alcohol\/Sodium Alginate\/Gelatin-Based Oral Dispersible Films (ODFs) with Modified Release and Advanced Oral Bioavailability for the Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdy","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelan A.","family":"Abdel-Aleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba Salah","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5466-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa O.","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4608-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel","family":"Al Fatease","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7655-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba A.","family":"Abou-Taleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, Sohag 82755, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021). 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