{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:02:06Z","timestamp":1791054126843,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics largely used in children, but they have potential toxic side effects, including ototoxicity. Ototoxicity from aminoglycosides is permanent and is a consequence of its action on the inner ear cells via multiple mechanisms. Both uncontrollable risk factors and controllable risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of aminoglycoside-related ototoxicity and, because of the irreversibility of ototoxicity, an important undertaking for preventing ototoxicity includes antibiotic stewardship to limit the use of aminoglycosides. Aminoglycosides are fundamental in the treatment of numerous infectious conditions at neonatal and pediatric age. In childhood, normal auditory function ensures adequate neurocognitive and social development. Hearing damage from aminoglycosides can therefore strongly affect the normal growth of the child. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of aminoglycoside-related ototoxicity and analyzes the risk factors and the potential otoprotective strategies in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16101353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T03:53:00Z","timestamp":1695700380000},"page":"1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Aminoglycosides-Related Ototoxicity: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Prevention in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Serena","family":"Rivetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Mastrangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Attin\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palma","family":"Maurizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6052-3511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(03)00057-6","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics and Dosing of Aminoglycosides","volume":"17","author":"Turnidge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. 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