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The study involved multiple assessments, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against cariogenic bacteria. CLO and PA exhibited MIC and MBC values ranging from 25 to 50 \u03bcg\/mL, whereas CECL showed values equal to or exceeding 400 \u03bcg\/mL. PA also displayed antibiofilm activity with minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm (MICB50) values spanning from 62.5 to 1000 \u03bcg\/mL. Moreover, PA effectively hindered the intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii at 64 \u03bcg\/mL, even after 24 h without treatment. Toxicological evaluations included in vitro tests on V79 cells, where concentrations ranged from 78.1 to 1250 \u03bcg\/mL of PA reduced colony formation. Additionally, using the Caenorhabditis elegans model, the lethal concentration (LC50) of PA was determined as 1000 \u03bcg\/mL after 48 h of incubation. Notably, no significant differences in micronucleus induction and the NDI were observed in cultures treated with 10, 20, or 40 \u03bcg\/mL of CLO. These findings underscore the safety profile of CLO and PA, highlighting their potential as alternative treatments for caries and toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16101357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T03:53:00Z","timestamp":1695700380000},"page":"1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Polyalthic Acid from Copaifera lucens Demonstrates Anticariogenic and Antiparasitic Properties for Safe Use"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6060-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana B.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Cristian O.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1978-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel C.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagela B. S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pollyanna F.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saulo D.","family":"Ozelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise C.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio Ricardo","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Cassio S.","family":"Veneziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloisa Am\u00e1lia V.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jairo K.","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8634-6878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Henrique G.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31248-4_4","article-title":"The Oral Microbiota","volume":"902","author":"Arweiler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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