{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:38:28Z","timestamp":1790725108948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":371,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present article highlights the important progress made in the last two decades in the fields of molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Advancements in radiometal-based positron emission tomography, single photon emission computerized tomography, and radionuclide therapy are illustrated in terms of their production routes and ease of radiolabeling. Applications in clinical diagnostic and radionuclide therapy are considered, including human studies under clinical trials; their current stages of clinical translations and findings are summarized. Because the metalloid astatine is used for imaging and radionuclide therapy, it is included in this review. In regard to radionuclide therapy, both beta-minus (\u03b2\u2212) and alpha (\u03b1)-emitting radionuclides are discussed by highlighting their production routes, targeted radiopharmaceuticals, and current clinical translation stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16101460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T14:38:42Z","timestamp":1697294322000},"page":"1460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Radiometals in Imaging and Therapy: Highlighting Two Decades of Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukesh K.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2017.122","article-title":"An Overview on Radiotherapy: From Its History to Its Current Applications in Dermatology","volume":"5","author":"Gianfaldoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. 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