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In mouse models, it has been associated with increased levels of IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IFN-\u03b3, a decrease in serotonin and dopamine levels within the hippocampus, induced loss of muscle strength and equilibrium, and increased anxiety and hopelessness. Imipramine (ImiP), a tricyclic antidepressant, is used to alleviate neuropathic pain. This study evaluated the effects of ImiP on Balb\/c mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 (Ba) at 14- and 28-days post-infection. Serum levels of six cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IL-12, MCP-1. and IL-10) were assessed by FACS, while the number of bacteria in the spleen was measured via CFU. Serotonin levels in the hippocampus were analyzed via HPLC, and behavioral tests were conducted to assess strength, equilibrium, and mood. Our results showed that mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 and treated with ImiP for six days (Im6Ba14) had significantly different outcomes compared to infected mice (Ba14) at day 14 post-infection. The mood was enhanced in the forced swimming test (FST) (p &lt; 0.01), tail suspension test (TST) (p &lt; 0.0001), and open-field test (p &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, there was an increase in serotonin levels in the hippocampus (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, there was an improvement in equilibrium (p &lt; 0.0001) and muscle strength (p &lt; 0.01). Lastly, there was a decrease in IL-6 levels (p &lt; 0.05) and CFU count in the spleen (p &lt; 0.0001). At 28 days, infected mice that received ImiP for 20 days (Im20Ba28) showed preservation of positive effects compared to infected mice (Ba28). These effects include the following: (1) improved FST (p &lt; 0.0001) and TST (p &lt; 0.0001); (2) better equilibrium (p &lt; 0.0001) and muscle strength (p &lt; 0.0001); (3) decreased IL-6 levels (p &lt; 0.05); and (4) reduced CFU count in the spleen (p &lt; 0.0001). These findings suggest the potential for ImiP to be used as an adjuvant treatment for the symptoms of brucellosis, which requires future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16111525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T03:33:51Z","timestamp":1698377631000},"page":"1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Imipramine Administration in Brucella abortus 2308-Infected Mice Restores Hippocampal Serotonin Levels, Muscle Strength, and Mood, and Decreases Spleen CFU Count"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2694-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Maldonado-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Psicoinmunolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Celular, Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3878-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Psicoinmunolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Becerril-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Psicoinmunolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Alvarez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Psicoinmunolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6067-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenin","family":"Pav\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Psicoinmunolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7128-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luvia","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda de los Microorganismos, Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Ospina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda de Sistemas, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas y Coordinaci\u00f3n de Psicobiolog\u00eda y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6808-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Iv\u00e1n","family":"Gir\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional LANIIA-Nayarit, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Damian-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Celular, Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0753-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Octavio","family":"Maldonado-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Psicoinmunolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en 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