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There is currently no globally standard first-line treatment for HTLV-1 infection and its related diseases. To address this, a comprehensive review was conducted, analyzing 30 recent papers from databases PubMed, CAPES journals, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The studies encompassed a wide range of therapeutic approaches, including antiretrovirals, immunomodulators, antineoplastics, amino acids, antiparasitics, and even natural products and plant extracts. Notably, the category with the highest number of articles was related to drugs for the treatment of ATLL. Studies employing mogamulizumab as a new perspective for ATLL received greater attention in the last 5 years, demonstrating efficacy, safe use in the elderly, significant antitumor activity, and increased survival time for refractory patients. Concerning HAM\/TSP, despite corticosteroid being recommended, a more randomized clinical trial is needed to support treatment other than corticoids. The study also included a comprehensive review of the drugs used to treat disseminated strongyloidiasis in co-infection with HTLV-1, including their administration form, in order to emphasize gaps and facilitate the development of other studies aiming at better-directed methodologies. Additionally, docking molecules and computer simulations show promise in identifying novel therapeutic targets and repurposing existing drugs. These advances are crucial in developing more effective and targeted treatments against HTLV-1 and its related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16111546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T02:05:07Z","timestamp":1698890707000},"page":"1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["New Perspectives about Drug Candidates Targeting HTLV-1 and Related Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5434-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena Cristina Martins da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055-240, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1574-4160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renan Stefferson Barradas","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Para, Belem 66079-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3199-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia Cherlly Aparecida","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055-240, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9548-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ednilson Gregorio da Silva","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Para, Belem 66079-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2602-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson de Lima","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Para, Belem 66079-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1078-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kassio Silva","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Para, Belem 66079-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00edsa Silva de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem 66055-240, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type-c retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous t-cell lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Poiesz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. 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