{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:11:44Z","timestamp":1788372704701,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Institutes of T\u00fcrkiye (TUSEB)","award":["12093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12093"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ceragenins (CSAs) are a new class of antimicrobial agents designed to mimic the activities of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. In this study, the antibacterial activities of various ceragenins (CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-90, CSA-131, CSA-138, CSA-142, and CSA-192), linezolid, and daptomycin were assessed against 50 non-repeated Enterococcus spp. (17 of them vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus-VRE) isolated from various clinical specimens. Among the ceragenins evaluated, the MIC50 and MIC90 values of CSA-44 and CSA-192 were the lowest (2 and 4 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively), and further studies were continued with these two ceragenins. Potential interactions between CSA-44 or CSA-192 and linezolid were tested and synergistic interactions were seen with the CSA-192-linezolid combination against three Enterococcus spp., one of them VRE. The effects of CSA-44 and CSA-192 on the MIC values of vancomycin were also investigated, and the largest MIC change was seen in the vancomycin-CSA-192 combination. The in vivo effects of CSA-44 and CSA-192 were evaluated in a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Compared to no treatment, increased survival was observed with C. elegans when treated with ceragenins. In conclusion, CSA-44 and CSA-192 appear to be good candidates (alone or in combination) for the treatment of enterococcal infections, including those from VRE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16121643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T03:45:18Z","timestamp":1700711118000},"page":"1643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antimicrobial Activity of Ceragenins against Vancomycin-Susceptible and -Resistant Enterococcus spp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mayram","family":"Hacioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8442-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Nur","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9992-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozlem","family":"Oyardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cagla","family":"Bozkurt Guzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nese","family":"Inan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Ankara, Ankara 06200, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4642-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul B.","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Dosler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gilmore, M.S., Clewell, D.B., Ike, Y., and Shankar, N. 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