{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:24:48Z","timestamp":1789424688068,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, affecting around 1% of the global population. It is a multifactorial disease involving both genetics and environmental factors. Nowadays, the only available treatment for CeD is a life-long gluten-free diet (GFD), which can cause a significant burden for patients, since symptoms and mucosal injury can persist despite apparent compliance with a GFD. This could also lead to psychological consequences and affect the quality of life of these patients. Thankfully, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of CeD and the availability of various targets have made it feasible to explore pharmaceutical treatments specific to CeD. Recently, the FDA has highlighted the unmet needs of adult patients on a GFD who experience ongoing symptoms attributed to CeD and also show persistent duodenal villous atrophy. This review will outline the limitations of a GFD, describe the targets of potential novel treatment of CeD and provide an overview of the primary clinical trials involving oral and injectable agents for a non-dietary treatment of CeD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T07:20:31Z","timestamp":1703056831000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Emerging Pharmaceutical Therapies to Address the Inadequacy of a Gluten-Free Diet for Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8388-9699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Crepaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale\u2014Universit\u00e0 Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Palo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2468-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Maniero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale\u2014Universit\u00e0 Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo Vincenzo","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale\u2014Universit\u00e0 Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Mackay Base Hospital, Mackay, QLD 4740, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Zingone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale\u2014Universit\u00e0 Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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