{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:45:59Z","timestamp":1760150759414,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&amp;D Programs of Zhejiang","award":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"]}]},{"name":"Experimental Technology Research Project of Zhejiang University","award":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501802","82204614","2023C03004","szd202104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostatitis, a prevalent urinary tract disorder in males, has a complex etiology that leads to severe clinical discomfort. Pule\u2019an Tablets, a classic single-component formulation primarily based on rapeseed pollen, have been clinically proven to have a beneficial therapeutic effect on both prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, there is currently a lack of research on the chemical composition and mechanisms of action of Pule\u2019an Tablets in treating prostatitis. In this study, using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a total of 53 compounds in Pule\u2019an Tablets were identified, including flavonoids, phenylpropionamides, lipids, glucosinolates, and nucleic acids. Subsequently, through a network pharmacology analysis, potential target genes and their mechanisms of action were predicted accordingly. The results suggested that genes such as LPAR5, LPAR6, LPAR4, LPAR3, LPAR2, LPAR1, F2, ENPP2, MMP9, and TNF, along with pathways like prostate cancer, endocrine resistance, bladder cancer, and the IL-17 signaling pathway, may represent potential pathways involved in the therapeutic effects of Pule\u2019an Tablets. This study represents the first systematic investigation into the chemical composition of Pule\u2019an Tablets, shedding light on the potential mechanisms underlying their efficacy in treating prostatitis. These findings could serve as a valuable reference for future pharmacological research on Pule\u2019an Tablets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T11:44:57Z","timestamp":1703763897000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Tandem of Liquid Chromatography and Network Pharmacology for the Chemical Profiling of Pule\u2019an Tablets and the Prediction of Mechanism of Action in Treating Prostatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhuge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences & Institute of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences & Institute of Agrobiology and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbiao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3676-9183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0763-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1998-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.028","article-title":"Epidemiology of prostatitis","volume":"31","author":"Krieger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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