{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:42:14Z","timestamp":1771231334053,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration","award":["PJ01580203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01580203"]}]},{"name":"Rural Development Administration","award":["PJ01586301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01586301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the immune-stimulating and anti-diabetic effects of Allium hookeri leaves grown in a plant factory with artificial lights. The immunomodulatory effects of A. hookeri leaves\u2019 ethanol extracts were evaluated with immune-related hematological factors in blood, the proliferation of splenocytes, NK cell activity, IgG and cytokine levels, and their mechanisms in immunosuppressed obese mice. Anti-diabetic effects were determined by the inhibitory activity against \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase in vitro and fasting blood glucose levels and biochemical factors in the serum of immunosuppressed obese mice. A. hookeri leaf extracts increased WBC and LYM counts, the proliferation of splenocytes, and serum IgG and IL-1\u03b2 concentrations compared to those of the NC group, which was used as a negative control. A. hookeri leaf extracts also improved serum HDL levels while they decreased the activities of digestive enzymes, fasting blood glucose, and biochemical factors (ALT, AST, T-Chol, TG, LDL, and GLU). The expressions of IL-1\u03b2, JNK, c-Jun, p65, and iNOS in the thymus of immunosuppressed mice were activated by the treatment of A. hookeri leaf extracts. The results suggest that A. hookeri leaves grown in a plant factory with artificial lights also have immune-stimulatory and anti-diabetic effects and can be used as novel functional supplements to control related diseases and to improve public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17010091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T09:39:57Z","timestamp":1704879597000},"page":"91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Immune-Stimulating and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lights in Immunosuppressed Obese C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2380-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Un-Yul","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ui-Jin","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7832-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Guk","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Wook","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Ki","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4966-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Sang","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hyen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koh, Y.M., Jang, S.W., and Ahn, T.W. 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