{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:25:34Z","timestamp":1791300334832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of scientific research at The Jordanian Hashemite University","award":["580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["580"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Propionibacterium acnes plays a critical role in the development of acne vulgaris. There has been a rise in the number of patients carrying P. acnes strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Thus, alternative anti-microbial agents are required. Zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) and silver (Ag-NPs) nanoparticles can be used against several antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The impact of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs against two clinical strains of P. acnes, P1 and P2, and a reference strain, NCTC747, were investigated in this research. A chemical approach for the green synthesis of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs from Peganum harmala was employed. The microtiter plate method was used to examine the effects of NPs on bacterial growth, biofilm development, and biofilm eradication. A broth microdilution process was performed in order to determine minimal inhibitory (MIC) concentrations. Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs had a spherical shape and average dimensions of 10 and 50 nm, respectively. MIC values for all P. acnes strains for Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs were 125 \u00b5g\/mL and 250 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Ag-NP and ZnO-NP concentrations of 3.9- 62.5 \u00b5g\/mL and 15\u201362.5 \u00b5g\/mL significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of all P. acnes strains, respectively. ZnO-NP concentrations of 15\u201362.5 \u03bcg\/mL significantly inhibited the growth of NCTC747 and P2 strains. The growth of P1 was impacted by concentrations of 31.25 \u03bcg\/mL and 62.5 \u03bcg\/mL. Biofilm formation in the NCTC747 strain was diminished by a ZnO-NP concentration of 15 \u03bcg\/mL. The clinical strains of P. acnes were only affected by ZnO-NP titres of more than 31.25 \u03bcg\/mL. Established P. acne biofilm biomass was significantly reduced in all strains at a Ag-NP and ZnO-NP concentration of 62.5 \u00b5g\/mL. The findings demonstrated that Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs exert an anti-bacterial effect against P. acnes. Further research is required to determine their potential utility as a treatment option for acne.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T06:00:25Z","timestamp":1708063225000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Anti-Bacterial Activity of Green Synthesised Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Propionibacterium acnes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2119-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafez","family":"Al-Momani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhannad I.","family":"Massadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dua\u2019a","family":"Al Balawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1231-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Aolymat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saja","family":"Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9760-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borhan Aldeen","family":"Albiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lugain","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel Al","family":"Balawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Al Haj Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa\u2019 Applied University, AL-Salt 19117, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.10.001","article-title":"Structure and function of the human skin microbiome","volume":"21","author":"Schommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15029","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.29","article-title":"Acne vulgaris","volume":"1","author":"Tuchayi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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