{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T14:28:21Z","timestamp":1784989701530,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH Core Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH Core Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR004596-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR004596-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY014801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY014801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR004596-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR004596-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endophthalmitis is a rare but vision-threatening infection characterized by marked inflammation of intraocular fluids and tissues, uncommonly seen following surgery and intravitreal injection. Antimicrobials are used worldwide in the prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial and fungal infections of the eye and are standard treatment in the preoperative and postoperative care of surgical patients. However, antimicrobials are reported to be overprescribed in many parts of the world, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR complicates the prophylaxis and treatment of endophthalmitis. This article examines the prevalence and mechanisms of AMR in ocular microorganisms, emphasizing the importance of understanding AMR patterns for tailored treatments. It also explores prophylaxis and management strategies for endophthalmitis, with a discussion on the use of intracameral antibiotic administration. The use of prophylactic intracameral antibiotics during cataract surgery is common in many parts of the world but is still controversial in some locations, especially in the US. Finally, it highlights the role of stewardship in ophthalmology and its benefits in the treatment of endophthalmitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17030321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T06:07:53Z","timestamp":1709273273000},"page":"321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["New Approaches to Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance in Endophthalmitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noraliz","family":"Garcia O\u2019Farrill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Abi Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Harry W.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3724-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Grzybowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 61-553 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1441-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). 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