{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:30:53Z","timestamp":1793014253841,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009886","name":"Regione Puglia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP: H99C20000440002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP: H99C20000440002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophilic Esophagitis is an antigen-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by thickening of the esophageal wall, leading to dysphagia, vomiting, reflux, and abdominal pain. This disease can be treated with a therapeutic approach ranging from diet to pharmacological therapy. Jorveza\u00ae (budesonide) and Dupixent\u00ae (dupilumab) are treatments for Eosinophilic Esophagitis approved by the European Medicines Agency in adults but not in children. Budesonide-based extemporaneous oral liquid suspensions could be prepared for pediatric use. The main limit of this formulation is that budesonide needs a longer residence time on the esophageal mucosa to solubilize and diffuse in it to exert its local anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, we propose the development of an extemporaneous mucoadhesive oral budesonide solution for the pediatric population. A liquid vehicle containing hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a complexing agent and carboxymethylcellulose sodium as a mucoadhesive excipient was used to prepare budesonide-based formulations. A stable solution at a concentration of 0.7 mg\/mL was successfully prepared and characterized. The formulation showed rheological and mucoadhesive properties suitable for an Eosinophilic Esophagitis local prolonged treatment. In this way, pharmacists can prepare stable budesonide-based mucoadhesive solutions, providing both patients and physicians with a new therapeutic option for Eosinophilic Esophagitis pediatric treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T08:18:27Z","timestamp":1714119507000},"page":"550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mucoadhesive Budesonide Solution for the Treatment of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8705-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Spennacchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2124-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Lopalco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Francesco","family":"Racaniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Cutrignelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia Maria","family":"la Forgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Studi e Ricerche \u201cDr. S. Fontana 1900\u20131982\u201d, Farmalabor s.r.l., 76012 Canosa di Puglia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Studi e Ricerche \u201cDr. S. Fontana 1900\u20131982\u201d, Farmalabor s.r.l., 76012 Canosa di Puglia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5849-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Cristofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Paediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4603-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruggiero","family":"Francavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Paediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Assunta","family":"Lopedota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-7828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio","family":"Denora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13281","article-title":"Topical Steroids in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"31","author":"Murali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.021","article-title":"Budesonide Oral Suspension Improves Symptomatic, Endoscopic, and Histologic Parameters Compared with Placebo in Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"152","author":"Dellon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.045","article-title":"Maintenance Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis with Swallowed Topical Steroids Alters Disease Course over A 5-Year Follow-up Period in Adult Patients","volume":"17","author":"Greuter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5449-x","article-title":"A 12-Week Maintenance Therapy with a New Prepared Viscous Budesonide in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"64","author":"Oliva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.10.026","article-title":"Breaking down the Complex Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"130","author":"Underwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14196","article-title":"Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Immune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets","volume":"52","author":"Khokhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15670","article-title":"Randomised Clinical Trial: The Safety and Tolerability of Fluticasone Propionate Orally Disintegrating Tablets versus Placebo for Eosinophilic Oesophagitis","volume":"51","author":"Hirano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000681","article-title":"Treatment for Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"36","author":"Syverson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.11.011","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"145","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4642-7","article-title":"Six-Food Elimination Diet and Topical Steroids Are Effective for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Meta-Regression","volume":"62","author":"Cotton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.019","article-title":"Esophageal Eosinophilic Infiltration Responds to Proton Pump Inhibition in Most Adults","volume":"9","author":"Ripoll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310991","article-title":"Proton Pump Inhibitor-Responsive Oesophageal Eosinophilia: An Entity Challenging Current Diagnostic Criteria for Eosinophilic Oesophagitis","volume":"65","author":"Bredenoord","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175628482110686","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848211068665","article-title":"Evidence-Based Treatments for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Insights for the Clinician","volume":"15","author":"Lucendo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5395","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i36.5395","article-title":"Treatment of Eosinophlic Esophagitis with Swallowed Topical Corticosteroids","volume":"26","author":"Nennstiel","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2020.07.010","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy of Topical Steroids in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: From the Perspective of Histologic, Clinical, and Endoscopic Outcome","volume":"44","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casiraghi, A., Gennari, C.G., Musazzi, U.M., Ortenzi, M.A., Bordignon, S., and Minghetti, P. (2020). Mucoadhesive Budesonide Formulation for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12030211"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2022.103684","article-title":"Different Trends for Preparation of Budesonide Pellets with Enhanced Dissolution Rate","volume":"33","author":"Soltani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2019.1606823","article-title":"Central Composite Rotatable Design for Optimization of Budesonide-Loaded Cross-Linked Chitosan\u2013Dextran Sulfate Nanodispersion: Characterization, in Vitro Diffusion and Aerodynamic Study","volume":"45","author":"Bodas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2018.05.013","article-title":"Revisando El Papel Terap\u00e9utico de La Budesonida En La Enfermedad de Crohn","volume":"41","author":"Clofent","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.17554\/j.issn.2224-3992.2018.07.750","article-title":"Compounded Oral Viscous Budesonide Is Effective and Provides a Durable Response in Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"7","author":"Reed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122592","article-title":"Direct Cyclodextrin Based Powder Extrusion 3D Printing of Budesonide Loaded Mini-Tablets for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Colitis in Paediatric Patients","volume":"632","author":"Pistone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"CD004065","article-title":"Medical Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"2023","author":"Franciosi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhalani, D.V., Nutan, B., Kumar, A., and Singh Chandel, A.K. (2022). Bioavailability Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs and Therapeutics. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092055"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106417","article-title":"Insight into the Mechanism behind Oral Bioavailability-Enhancement by Nanosuspensions through Combined Dissolution\/Permeation Studies","volume":"184","author":"Lynnerup","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003482","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Budesonide Oral Suspension in Children and Adolescents With Eosinophilic Esophagitis","volume":"75","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2016.04.021","article-title":"Thiolated \u03b1-Cyclodextrin: The Invisible Choice to Prolong Ocular Drug Residence Time","volume":"105","author":"Ijaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.03.014","article-title":"Thiolated Alkyl-Modified Carbomers: Novel Excipients for Mucoadhesive Emulsions","volume":"75","author":"Bonengel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.07.019","article-title":"Mucoadhesive Hydrogels for Buccal Drug Delivery: In Vitro-in Vivo Correlation Study","volume":"142","author":"Baus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201811310030001","article-title":"A Novel Oromucosal Prolonged Release Mucoadhesive Suspension by One Step Spray Coagulation Method","volume":"10","author":"Cilurzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(97)04904-1","article-title":"Textural, Viscoelastic and Mucoadhesive Properties of Pharmaceutical Gels Composed of Cellulose Polymers","volume":"151","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-82502011000400026","article-title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Patch of Acyclovir Utilizing Inclusion Phenomenon","volume":"47","author":"Saxena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"659","article-title":"Formulationn and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of flurbiprofen","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacologyonline"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-016-0233-4","article-title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Polymers to Compare the Mucoadhesion","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso, J.M., Andrade del Olmo, J., Perez Gonzalez, R., and Saez-Martinez, V. (2021). Injectable Hydrogels: From Laboratory to Industrialization. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13040650"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104687","article-title":"Thermoresponsive Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Based on Pluronic F127\/Thiolated Glycol Chitosan for Intravesical Administration of Celecoxib\/Gemcitabine","volume":"86","author":"Ricci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118820","article-title":"Thiolated Hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin as Mucoadhesive Excipient for Oral Delivery of Budesonide in Liquid Paediatric Formulation","volume":"572","author":"Laquintana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3109\/03639049609069348","article-title":"The Influence of Water-Soluble Polymers and PH on Hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Complexation of Drugs","volume":"22","author":"Loftsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"237","article-title":"Methods to Enhance the Complexation Efficiency of Cyclodextrins","volume":"9","author":"Loftsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"S.T.P. Pharma Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"284","article-title":"Influence of Water Soluble Polymers on Hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Complexation of Rofecoxib","volume":"62","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/10402009108982077","article-title":"A Correlation for the Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity","volume":"34","author":"Sorab","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tribol. Trans."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-998-0167-8","article-title":"Correlating Viscosity with Temperature and Other Properties","volume":"75","author":"Fisher","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAOCS J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.12.502","article-title":"Rheological Study of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose: Effect of Concentration and Molecular Weight","volume":"53","author":"Chalah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(19970411)64:2<289::AID-APP9>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Rheological Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose","volume":"64","author":"Ghannam","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4628(20010307)79:10<1787::AID-APP70>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Rheological Properties of High Concentrations of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solutions","volume":"79","author":"Edali","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabbaghi, M., Namjoshi, S., Panchal, B., Grice, J.E., Prakash, S., Roberts, M.S., and Mohammed, Y. (2021). Viscoelastic and Deformation Characteristics of Structurally Different Commercial Topical Systems. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091351"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120018383","article-title":"Permeation of Naproxen from Saturated Solutions and Commercial Formulations through Synthetic Membranes","volume":"29","author":"Farinha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics2020209","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Transmembrane Diffusion and Permeation of Ibuprofen across Synthetic Membranes Using Franz Diffusion Cells","volume":"2","author":"Ng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121905","article-title":"Chitosan\/Sulfobutylether-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Based Nanoparticles Coated with Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid for Indomethacin Ophthalmic Delivery","volume":"622","author":"Ricci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3109\/03639040903117348","article-title":"Critical Evaluation of Permeation Enhancers for Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery","volume":"36","author":"Sohi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(98)00182-5","article-title":"Cyclodextrins as Permeation Enhancers: Some Theoretical Evaluations and in Vitro Testing","volume":"59","author":"Loftsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Racaniello, G.F., Balenzano, G., Arduino, I., Iacobazzi, R.M., Lopalco, A., Lopedota, A.A., Sigurdsson, H.H., and Denora, N. (2024). Chitosan and Anionic Solubility Enhancer Sulfobutylether-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin-Based Nanoparticles as Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Delivery System for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020277"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.06.020","article-title":"A Novel Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Based on Chitosan","volume":"68","author":"Schuetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"250","article-title":"Stability of Omeprazole Extemporaneous Oral Solution in Chopin Base","volume":"27","author":"Spennacchio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Compd."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/5\/550\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:33:31Z","timestamp":1760106811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/5\/550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ph17050550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17050550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]}}}