{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1769842876649,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006054","name":"University of Guanajuato","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DAIP, CIIC 009\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAIP, CIIC 009\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006054","name":"University of Guanajuato","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DAIP, CIIC 085\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAIP, CIIC 085\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006054","name":"University of Guanajuato","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2094y FAI2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2094y FAI2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"School of Professional Studies Huasteca Zone, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","award":["DAIP, CIIC 009\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAIP, CIIC 009\/2023"]}]},{"name":"School of Professional Studies Huasteca Zone, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","award":["DAIP, CIIC 085\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAIP, CIIC 085\/2024"]}]},{"name":"School of Professional Studies Huasteca Zone, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","award":["2094y FAI2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2094y FAI2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stanhopea tigrina Bateman ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae) is an orchid endemic to Mexico, known as \u201cCalavera\u201d or \u201ccalaverita\u201d, in the Huasteca Potosina (central region of Mexico). This plant species is used for the folk treatment of mental disorders and urological kidney disorders, according to the ethnomedicinal information obtained in this study. Ethanolic extracts of leaves (HE) and pseudobulb (PE) were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to carry out the chemical characterization of HE and PE. The pharmacological effects (antioxidant, diuretic, anxiolytic, locomotor, hypnotic, and sedative) of HE and PE were evaluated. The possible mechanism of action of the anxiolytic-like activity induced by HE was assessed using inhibitors of the GABAergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic systems. The possible mechanism of the diuretic action of HE was assessed using prostaglandin inhibitory antagonists and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blockers. HE at 50 and 100 mg\/kg exerted anxiolytic-like activity without inducing hypnosis or sedation. Flumazenil, prazosin, and ketanserin inhibited the anxiolytic-like activity shown by HE, which suggests the participation of GABA, \u03b11-adrenergic receptors, and 5-HT2 receptors, respectively. The diuretic effect was reversed by the non-selective NOS inhibitor L-NAME, which caused the reduction in nitric oxide (NO). These results demonstrate that the ethanolic extract of S. tigrina leaves exhibited anxiolytic-like activity and diuretic effects without inducing hypnosis or sedation. This work validates the medicinal uses of this orchid species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1715007901000},"page":"588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ethnomedicinal Study and Evaluation of the Anxiolytic-like and Diuretic Effects of the Orchid Stanhopea tigrina Bateman ex Lindl\u2014(Orchidaceae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"del Carmen D\u00edaz-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Lu\u00eds Potos\u00ed 78000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Barrientos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel","family":"Montes-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Professional Studies Huasteca Zone, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Ciudad Valles, San Lu\u00eds Potos\u00ed 79059, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Jerem\u00edas","family":"Morales-Tirado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8307-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Alba-Betancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5794-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deisy","family":"Gasca-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Juriquilla 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-9294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria L.","family":"Gonzalez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"del Carmen Ju\u00e1rez-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha Alicia","family":"Deveze-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Isiordia-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Research Institute, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlan, Guadalajara 472620, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candy","family":"Carranza-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Professional Studies Huasteca Zone, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Ciudad Valles, San Lu\u00eds Potos\u00ed 79059, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel Josabad","family":"Alonso-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022). 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