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As a result, combination therapies either with radiation or other deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging agents have been suggested as ideal strategy to improve their efficacy in solid tumours. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that HDACis can sensitise malignant cells to both electromagnetic and particle types of radiation by inhibiting DNA damage repair. Although the radiosensitising ability of HDACis has been reported as early as the 1990s, the mechanisms of radiosensitisation are yet to be fully understood. This review brings forth the various protocols used to sequence the administration of radiation and HDACi treatments in the different studies. The possible contribution of these various protocols to the ambiguity that surrounds the mechanisms of radiosensitisation is also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T13:20:24Z","timestamp":1715174424000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mechanistic Sequence of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Radiation Treatment: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsie Neo","family":"Seane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiography, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa"},{"name":"Radiation Biophysics Division, Separate Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shankari","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Biophysics Division, Separate Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2365-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlot","family":"Vandevoorde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6931-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14639","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008522107","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitor induces DNA damage, which normal but not transformed cells can repair","volume":"107","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. 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