{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:36:58Z","timestamp":1788824218719,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian agency CAPES","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian agency CAPES","award":["465536\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465536\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"CNPq\/INCT\/RENNOFITO","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"CNPq\/INCT\/RENNOFITO","award":["465536\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465536\/2014-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: (-)-Fenchone is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in the essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Thuja occidentalis L., and Peumus boldus Molina. Pharmacological studies have reported its antinociceptive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant activities. Methods: The preventive antiulcer effects of (-)-Fenchone were assessed through oral pretreatment in cysteamine-induced duodenal lesion models. Gastric healing, the underlying mechanisms, and toxicity after repeated doses were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model with oral treatment administered for 14 days. Results: In the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer model, fenchone (37.5\u2013300 mg\/kg) significantly decreased the ulcer area and prevented lesion formation. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, fenchone (150 mg\/kg) reduced (p &lt; 0.001) ulcerative injury. These effects were associated with increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2). Furthermore, treatment with (-)-Fenchone (150 mg\/kg) significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.001) malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB). A 14-day oral toxicity investigation revealed no alterations in heart, liver, spleen, or kidney weight, nor in the biochemical and hematological parameters assessed. (-)-Fenchone protected animals from body weight loss while maintaining feed and water intake. Conclusion: (-)-Fenchone exhibits low toxicity, prevents duodenal ulcers, and enhances gastric healing activities. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties appear to be involved in its therapeutic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T03:24:48Z","timestamp":1715829888000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["(-)-Fenchone Prevents Cysteamine-Induced Duodenal Ulcers and Accelerates Healing Promoting Re-Epithelialization of Gastric Ulcers in Rats via Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maria Elaine Cristina","family":"Araruna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edvaldo Balbino Alves","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina Alves de Lima","family":"Serafim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Marley Bezerra","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle Liz de Souza","family":"Pess\u00f4a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vit\u00f3ria Pereira","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Sobral da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7740-034X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna Vieira","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano Francisco","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayara Karla dos Santos","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurigena Antunes","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le\u00f4nia Maria","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32404-7","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease","volume":"390","author":"Lanas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"612","article-title":"Pathology and histology of the esophagus and stomach","volume":"35","author":"Woods","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg.-Oxf. 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