{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:09:33Z","timestamp":1760144973440,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Proyecto Fondecyt Regular (ANID Chile)","award":["1150662","EQM 210006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1150662","EQM 210006"]}]},{"name":"Fondequip","award":["1150662","EQM 210006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1150662","EQM 210006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Azorella compacta (A. compacta) is a shrub of the Andean Altiplano of Bolivia, Chile and Peru, consumed by local communities as a traditional medicine for several maladies such as diabetes, hepatic and inflammatory diseases. A. compacta is rich in mulinane- and azorellane-type diterpenoids. For two of these, acute hypoglycemic effects have been described, but the impact of A. compacta diterpenoids on fatty liver disease has not been investigated. Therefore, A. compacta organic fractions were prepared using petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol. Their content was characterized by UHPLC\/MS, revealing the presence of ten diterpenoids, mainly mulinic acid, azorellanol and mulin-11,13-diene. Next, mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a model of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), received one of the fractions in drinking water for two weeks. After this treatment, hepatic parameters were evaluated. The A. compacta fractions did not reduce hyperglycemia or body weight in the HFD-fed mice but increased the serum levels of hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT), reduced albumin and increased bilirubin, indicating hepatic damage, while histopathological alterations such as steatosis, inflammation and necrosis generated by the HFD were, overall, not ameliorated by the fractions. These results suggest that organic A. compacta extracts may generate hepatic complications in patients with MAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T12:04:28Z","timestamp":1717675468000},"page":"746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Azorella compacta Organic Extracts Exacerbate Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2930-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Qui\u00f1ones San Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"},{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias, Menci\u00f3n I+D de Productos Bioactivos, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3341717, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjam\u00edn","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulises","family":"Novoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Bacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Laboratorio de S\u00edntesis Org\u00e1nica y Organomet\u00e1lica, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"San-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200112, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e843","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.843","article-title":"Size class structure, growth rates, and orientation of the central Andean cushion Azorella compacta","volume":"3","author":"Kleier","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03031","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.3031","article-title":"Azorella compacta: Survival champions in extreme, high-elevation environments","volume":"11","author":"Pugnaire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02862926","article-title":"Llareta (Azorella compacta, Umbelliferae): A review","volume":"49","author":"Wickens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Econ. 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