{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:19:14Z","timestamp":1788923954292,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FUNDACI\u00d3N S\u00c9NECA","award":["20847\/PI\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20847\/PI\/1"]}]},{"name":"FUNDACI\u00d3N S\u00c9NECA","award":["FEDER-PID2020-113081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER-PID2020-113081"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["20847\/PI\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20847\/PI\/1"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["FEDER-PID2020-113081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER-PID2020-113081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biological matrices are typically used in forensic toxicological or pharmacological analysis: mainly blood, vitreous humor or urine. However, there are many cases in which crimes are a consequence of drug intoxication or drug abuse and they are not closed because over the months or years the samples become altered or decomposed. A dried blood stains test (DBS-MS) has recently been proposed to be used in drug toxicology when blood is found at a crime scene. This test could help an investigator to reveal what a person had consumed before the perpetration of the crime. In order to check the possibilities of this test, we analyzed several dried blood stains located on a cotton fabric. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the analysis of a dried blood spot located on a cotton fabric could be an alternate source of obtaining toxicological results, particularly regarding benzodiazepines. We splashed blood stains on cotton fabric with different concentrations of the following benzodiazepines: alprazolam, bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam and lorazepam, which were dried for 96 h and subsequently quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Our results show that it is possible to identify several benzodiazepines contained in a cotton fabric blood stain; consequently, this method may add another sample option to the toxicological analysis of biological vestiges found at a crime scene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T07:33:20Z","timestamp":1718696000000},"page":"799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification of Benzodiazepine Use Based on Dried Blood Stains Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Forensic and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"C\u00e1novas-Cabanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco-Javier","family":"Teruel-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1576-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Almela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1168-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Pedro Hern\u00e1ndez","family":"del Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Forensic and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1653-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Navarro-Zaragoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Falc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMIB-Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Forensic and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2016.1189658","article-title":"Addiction and crime: The importance of asymmetry in offending and the life-course","volume":"35","author":"Vaughn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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