{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:38Z","timestamp":1760145278603,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C1009224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C1009224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In South Korea, because of manpower and budgetary limitations, antimicrobial stewardship programs have relied on preauthorization. This study analyzed the impact of a prospective audit and feedback (PAF) program targeting inpatients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy, which was implemented at two community-based university hospitals. During three years of PAF, 27,906 antimicrobial prescriptions were reviewed, with 622 (2.2%) interventions. The mean incidence density per 1000 patient days of multidrug-resistant organisms, except for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, decreased in the study population, whereas it increased among inpatients. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis revealed that after PAF, the incidences of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and mortality decreased (incidence risk ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 0.31\u20130.93 and 0.70, 0.55\u20130.90, respectively). Notably, after PAF, incorrect antimicrobial dosing rates significantly decreased (tau \u22120.244; p = 0.02). However, the incidences of other multidrug-resistant organisms, Clostridioides difficile, length of stay, and readmission did not significantly change. This study shows that in patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement, targeted PAF can significantly reduce multidrug-resistant organism rates and all-cause hospital mortality, despite limited resources. Furthermore, it can improve antimicrobial dosage accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1719986658000},"page":"854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prospective Audit and Feedback for Antimicrobial Treatment of Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy in Community-Based University Hospitals: A before-and-after Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Namgi","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo Yeon","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7475-4564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang-Il","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Jong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyunghee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1468-4074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2554-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy Jeong","family":"Rhie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118","article-title":"Implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","volume":"62","author":"Barlam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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